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CSCS Prep > Bioenergies of Exercise and Training > Flashcards

Bioenergies of Exercise and Training Flashcards

1
Q

Bioenergies

A

the flow of energy in a biologial system

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2
Q

Energy

A

the ability of capacity to perform work

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3
Q

Catabolism

A

breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules; associated with the release of energy

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4
Q

Anabolism

A

synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules using energy

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5
Q

Exergonic Reactions

A

energy-releasing reactions; generally catabolic

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6
Q

Endergonic Reactions

A

Reactions requiring energy; anabolic processes and contraction of muscle

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

the total of all the catabolic or exergonic and anabolic or endergonic reactions in a biological system

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8
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

intermediate molecule; allows transfer of energy from exergonic to endergonic reactions

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9
Q

Hydrolysis

A

break down of one molecule of ATP to yield energy; requires one molecule of water

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10
Q

Adenosine Triphosphatase (ATPase)

A

enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of ATP

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11
Q

Myosin ATPase

A

enzyme that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis for cross-bridge recylcing

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12
Q

Calcium ATPase

A

pumps calcium into the SR

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13
Q

Sodium-Potassium ATPase

A

maintains the sarcolemmal concentration gradient after depolarization

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14
Q

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

A

only two phosphate groups

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15
Q

Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)

A

product of further hydrolysis of ADP

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16
Q

Anaerobic

A

doesn’t require presence of oxygen

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17
Q

Aerobic

A

requiring oxygen

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18
Q

Phosphogen System

A

provides ATP primarily for short-term, high-intensity activities and is active at the start of all exercise regardless of intensity

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19
Q

Creatine Phosphate (CP)

A

aka phosphcreatine (PCr); high-energy phosphate molecule

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20
Q

Creatine Kinase

A

enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from CP and ADP

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21
Q

Adenylate Kinase Reaction

A

aka myokinase reaction; important single-enzyme reaction that can rapidly replenish ATP

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22
Q

Law of Mass Action

A

aka mass action effect; states that the concentration of reactants or products (or both) in solution will drive the direction of the reactions

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23
Q

Near-Equilibrium Reactions

A

reactions that proceed in a direction dictated by the concentrations of the reactnts due to the law of mass action

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24
Q

Glycolysis

A

the breakdown of carbohydrates to resynthesize ATP

25
Q

Pyruvate

A

the end result of glycosis

26
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis

A

aka fast glycolysis; when pyruvate is converted to lactate, ATP resynthesis is fast, but limited in duration

27
Q

Aerobic Glycolysis

A

aka slow glycolysis; when pyruvate is sent to mitochondria to the Krebs cycle, ATP resynthesis is slower, but much longer duration

28
Q

Lactate

A

product when pyruvate is catalyzed by enzyme lactate dehydrogenase

29
Q

Lactic Acid

A

mistaken for end result of pyruvate catalyzation

30
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

exercise-induced decrease in pH

31
Q

Wet Muscle

A

muscle that has not been desiccated

32
Q

Cori Cylce

A

cycle in which lactate is transported from muscle to blood to the liver where it is converted to glucose

33
Q

Mitochondria

A

specialized regular organelles where the reactions of aerobic metabolism occur

34
Q

Phosphorylation

A

process of adding inorganic phosphate to another molecule

35
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

refers to resynthesis of ATP in the ETC

36
Q

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

A

describes the direct resynthesis of ATP from ADP during a single reaction in the metabolic pathways

37
Q

Allosteric Inhibition

A

occurs when an end product binds to the regulatory enzyme and decreases its turnover rate and slows product formation

38
Q

Allosteric Activation

A

occurs when the “activator” binds with the enzyme and increases its turnover rate

39
Q

Rate-Limiting Step

A

limiting factor in reaction

40
Q

Lactate Threshold (LT)

A

exercise intensity or relative intensity at which blood lactate begins an abrupt increase above baseline concentration

41
Q

Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA)

A

occurs when the concentration of blood lactate reaches 4mmol/L

42
Q

Oxidative System

A

primary source of ATP at rest and during low-intensity activites

43
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

aka citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle; series of reactions that continues the oxidation of the substrate begun in glycolysis and produces 2 ATP indirectly from guanine triphosphate via substrate-level phosphorylation for each molecule of glucose

44
Q

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

A

where hyrdogen atoms are passed down to form a proton concentration gradient to provide energy for ATP production

45
Q

Cytochromes

A

electron carries

46
Q

Beta Oxidation

A

a series of reactions in which the free fatty acids are broken down, resulting in formation of acetyl-CoA and hyrdogen protons

47
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

process of converting amino acids into glucose

48
Q

Branched-Chain Amino Acids

A

leucine, isoleucine, and valine

49
Q

Exercise Intensity

A

level of muscular activity that can be quantified in terms of power output

50
Q

Power

A

work perform per unit of time

51
Q

Energy Substrates

A

molecule that provides starting materials for bioenergetic reactions, including phosphogens (ATP and CP), glucose, glycogen, lactate, FFA, and amino acids

52
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

breakdown of glycogen

53
Q

Oxygen Uptake

A

consumption; measire of a person;s ability to take in and use oxygen

54
Q

Oxygen Deficit

A

Anaerobic contribution to the total energy cost of exercise

55
Q

Oxygen Debt

A

post exercise oxygen uptake

56
Q

Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

A

oxygen uptake above resting values used to restore the body to the pre exercise condition

57
Q

Interval Training

A

a method that emphasizes bioenergetic adaptations for a more efficient energy transfer within the metabolic pathways by using predetermined intervals of exercise and rest periods

58
Q

Combination Training

A

aka cross training; adding aerobic endurance training when training anaerobic athletes

CSCS Prep (4 decks)

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