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Year 7 (Ukrainian) > Bioenergetics MTA > Flashcards

Bioenergetics MTA Flashcards

1
Q

What are organisms that make their own food called?

A

Producers

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2
Q

What are organisms that eat other organisms called?

A

Consumers

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3
Q

Give two examples of producers

A

Plants
Algae

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4
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

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5
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

glucose and oxygen

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6
Q

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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7
Q

Where does the energy for photosynthesis come from?

A

sunlight

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8
Q

Name the green pigment in the leaves that absorbs sunlight

A

chlorophyll

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9
Q

In what part of the plant cell does photosynthesis take place?

A

Chloroplasts

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10
Q

How does the water for photosynthesis get into the plant?

A

Through the roots

Then travels up the xylem

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11
Q

How do gases get in and out of a plant?

A

Through tiny holes in the undersides of the leaves (called stomata)

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12
Q

Name the tube in the plant that carries water

A

xylem

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13
Q

Name the tube in the plant that carries glucose

A

phloem

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14
Q

Why are leaves thin?

A

So gases can diffuse in and out easily

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15
Q

Why do leaves have a large surface area?

A

To absorb as much sunlight as possible

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16
Q

Where are most chloroplasts found in the leaf?

A

In the top of the leaf

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17
Q

Why do leaves have a waxy top coating?

A

To reduce water loss

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18
Q

What are the holes in the bottom of the leaf called?

A

Stomata

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19
Q

What is the function of the stomata?

A

Allow gases to diffuse in and out

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20
Q

Name the cells that open and close the stomata

A

guard cells

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21
Q

Name the tissue inside the leaf where most of the photosynthesis occurs

A

palisade tissue

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22
Q

Name the tissue layer inside the leaf with lots of space for gases to diffuse

A

spongy mesophyll tissue

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23
Q

What do plants need nitrates for?

A

healthy growth

24
Q

What do plants need phosphates for?

A

healthy roots

25
Q

What do plants need potassium for?

A

healthy leaves and flowers

26
Q

What do plants need magnesium for?

A

making chlorophyll

27
Q

Where do plants get minerals from?

A

The soil

28
Q

What is it called when a plant doesn’t get enough minerals?

A

Mineral deficiency

29
Q

What are the signs a plant has a nitrate deficiency?

A
  1. poor growth
  2. older leaves yellowed
30
Q

What are the signs a plant has a magnesium deficiency?

A

leaves turn yellow

31
Q

What are the signs a plant has a phosphorous deficiency?

A
  1. poor root growth
  2. young leaves look purple
32
Q

What are the signs a plant has a potassium deficiency?

A

yellow leaves with dead patches

33
Q

What are the group of chemicals called that farmers add to soil to replace minerals?

A

fertilisers

34
Q

Why does a nitrate deficiency lead to poor growth?

A
  1. Nitrates are needed to make amino acids
  2. Which make proteins
  3. Proteins are needed for growth
35
Q

What three minerals are in NPK fertilisers?

A

Nitrogen (N)

Phosphorous (P)

and Potassium (K)

36
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

37
Q

What are the reactants in aerobic respiration?

A

glucose and oxygen

38
Q

What are the products in aerobic respiration?

A

carbon dioxide and water

39
Q

Where in the cell does respiration take place?

A

Mitochondria

40
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose → Lactic acid (+ energy)

41
Q

What is the purpose of respiration?

A

To release energy

42
Q

Which cells have lots of mitochondria for respiration?

A

Muscle cells

43
Q

How does the glucose for respiration get to your cells?

A

In the blood plasma

44
Q

How does the oxygen for respiration get to your cells?

A

Transported by red blood cells

45
Q

Name the red pigment in red blood cells that binds oxygen.

A

Haemoglobin

46
Q

How does the carbon dioxide produced in respiration get transported away from the cells?

A

In the blood plasma

47
Q

Which type of respiration releases most energy?

A

aerobic respiration

48
Q

Which type of respiration is used when there is not enough oxygen present?

A

anaerobic respiration

49
Q

What problem can lactic acid cause?

A

Muscle cramps

50
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

The extra oxygen you need to inhale at the end of exercise to break down the lactic acid. Hence, you keep breathing heavily.

51
Q

What is the anaerobic respiration that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide called?

A

Fermentation

52
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation called?

A

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)

53
Q

Name the micro-organism used for fermentation in baking and brewing

A

yeast

54
Q

Why is fermentation useful in baking?

A

Carbon dioxide is produced as a gas.

Gas bubbles make the bread rise.

55
Q

What happens to the ethanol produced during the fermentation process in baking?

A

It has a low boiling point

So it evaporates

56
Q

What is the useful product of fermentation for the brewing process?

A

Ethanol

Year 7 (Ukrainian) (9 decks)

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