Bioenergetics MTA Flashcards
What are organisms that make their own food called?
Producers
What are organisms that eat other organisms called?
Consumers
Give two examples of producers
Plants
Algae
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
What are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
What are the reactants in photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
Where does the energy for photosynthesis come from?
sunlight
Name the green pigment in the leaves that absorbs sunlight
chlorophyll
In what part of the plant cell does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplasts
How does the water for photosynthesis get into the plant?
Through the roots
Then travels up the xylem
How do gases get in and out of a plant?
Through tiny holes in the undersides of the leaves (called stomata)
Name the tube in the plant that carries water
xylem
Name the tube in the plant that carries glucose
phloem
Why are leaves thin?
So gases can diffuse in and out easily
Why do leaves have a large surface area?
To absorb as much sunlight as possible
Where are most chloroplasts found in the leaf?
In the top of the leaf
Why do leaves have a waxy top coating?
To reduce water loss
What are the holes in the bottom of the leaf called?
Stomata
What is the function of the stomata?
Allow gases to diffuse in and out
Name the cells that open and close the stomata
guard cells
Name the tissue inside the leaf where most of the photosynthesis occurs
palisade tissue
Name the tissue layer inside the leaf with lots of space for gases to diffuse
spongy mesophyll tissue
What do plants need nitrates for?
healthy growth
What do plants need phosphates for?
healthy roots
What do plants need potassium for?
healthy leaves and flowers
What do plants need magnesium for?
making chlorophyll
Where do plants get minerals from?
The soil
What is it called when a plant doesn’t get enough minerals?
Mineral deficiency
What are the signs a plant has a nitrate deficiency?
- poor growth
- older leaves yellowed
What are the signs a plant has a magnesium deficiency?
leaves turn yellow
What are the signs a plant has a phosphorous deficiency?
- poor root growth
- young leaves look purple
What are the signs a plant has a potassium deficiency?
yellow leaves with dead patches
What are the group of chemicals called that farmers add to soil to replace minerals?
fertilisers
Why does a nitrate deficiency lead to poor growth?
- Nitrates are needed to make amino acids
- Which make proteins
- Proteins are needed for growth
What three minerals are in NPK fertilisers?
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorous (P)
and Potassium (K)
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
What are the reactants in aerobic respiration?
glucose and oxygen
What are the products in aerobic respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
Where in the cell does respiration take place?
Mitochondria
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose → Lactic acid (+ energy)
What is the purpose of respiration?
To release energy
Which cells have lots of mitochondria for respiration?
Muscle cells
How does the glucose for respiration get to your cells?
In the blood plasma
How does the oxygen for respiration get to your cells?
Transported by red blood cells
Name the red pigment in red blood cells that binds oxygen.
Haemoglobin
How does the carbon dioxide produced in respiration get transported away from the cells?
In the blood plasma
Which type of respiration releases most energy?
aerobic respiration
Which type of respiration is used when there is not enough oxygen present?
anaerobic respiration
What problem can lactic acid cause?
Muscle cramps
What is oxygen debt?
The extra oxygen you need to inhale at the end of exercise to break down the lactic acid. Hence, you keep breathing heavily.
What is the anaerobic respiration that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide called?
Fermentation
What is the word equation for fermentation called?
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
Name the micro-organism used for fermentation in baking and brewing
yeast
Why is fermentation useful in baking?
Carbon dioxide is produced as a gas.
Gas bubbles make the bread rise.
What happens to the ethanol produced during the fermentation process in baking?
It has a low boiling point
So it evaporates
What is the useful product of fermentation for the brewing process?
Ethanol
