Bioenergetics Flashcards
State the word and symbol equation of photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide + water → Glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
Endo or Exo
Endothermic - meaning energy is transferred from the environment and into the plant.
What are the 5 main ways the plants uses glucose?
CROPS - glucose is used:
C - to produce cellulose, which strengthens the plant cell walls
R - for respiration, which transfers energy from glucose and converts the rest of the glucose into various other useful substances
O - to produce oils and fats for storage in seeds
P - to produce amino acids for protein synthesis
S - converted into insoluble starch for storage, ready to use when photosynthesis is not happening.
How can you artificially create ideal conditions for farming?
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Grow them in a greenhouse, which ensures temperature is not a limiting reactant as it traps Sun’s heat.
During winters, heaters can be used
During summers, ventilation and shades can be used. - Artificial light, used after Sun goes down
- Paraffin heater, to increase the CO2 levels and makes the CO2 a by-product
- Costs money as plants are able to grow effieciently at a faster rate so they can be sold.
What is respiration?
What type of reaction is it?
The process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose and goes in every cell of the body.
It’s an exothermic reaction.
How do organisms use energy from respiration?
- To build up larger molecules from smaller molecules
- In animals, it allows the muscles to contract
- In mammals and birds, it keeps their body temperature steady in colder surroundings .
What is metabolism?
the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body or cell.
What are the chemical reactions that take place during metabolism? (5)
1) forming lipids from fatty acids and glycerol
2) converts glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
3) respiration
4) breakdown of protein into urea which is then excreted into urine
5) using glucose and nitrate ions to make amino acids, then making them into proteins.
What are the 2 types of metabolic reactions?
Anabolic reactions:
building up of larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy such as photosynthesis.
Catabolic reactions:
breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy such as digestion.
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of oxygen needed to react with lactic acid in muscles and remove it from cells
What is aerobic respiration?
The release of a large amount of energy in cells by the breakdowns of food substances in the presence of oxygen.
In which organalle does aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria
What is anaerobic respiration?
A chemical reaction without oxygen; the incomplete breakdown of glucose, making lactic acid.
When does anaerobic respiration occur?
When the body has used up nearly all the oxygen in the body and unable to take in as much oxygen it needs.
What causes cramps?
When you respire without oxygenm anaerobically.
