Bioenergetics - Topic 4 Flashcards
What are 5 uses of glucose?
Stored as ______
stored as ______
R__________
Form _________
combined with ________ to make ______ _____
-stored as starch
-stored as llipids
- respiration
-form cellulose
- combined with nitrates to make amino acids
Which organ in the body removes the lactic acid from the blood?
liver
What two things do plants need to make amino acids?
-nitrate ions
- glucose
Give two examples of how cells use the energy from respiration
- build larger molecules
- movement (muscle contactions)
- keeping warm
- active transport of molecules or mineral ions
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water = Glucose + oxygen
Which type of respiration is more efficient, aerobic or anaerobic and why?
aerobic because in anaerobic respiration, not all the glucose can be broken down
What is glucose converted to during anaerobic respiration in animals?
lactic acid
Describe and explain how the rate of photosynthesis varies with temperature.
At first the rate of photosynthesis rises with temperature as the particles have more energy and move more quickly. This means they can react more quickly and so the rate is higher.
However, as temperature rises above the optimum temperature for the enzymes involved, the enzymes may start to break down. This decreases the rate until it falls to zero (when the enzymes are denatured).
Difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
aerobic
-requires oxygen
- produces co2 + water
anaerobic
-no oxygen required
-produces lactic acid
Why does anaerobic respiration cause cramps in muscles?
- produces lactic acid
- causes muscles to become fatigued and stop contracting properely
What is meant by the term oxygen debt?
the amount of oxygen required to oxidise the lactic acid and replace the body’s reserves of oxygen
Name a way the body can get rid of lactic acid
- oxygen debt
- transported to liver, converted back to glucose, stored as glycogen
What is the molecular formula for glucose?
C6 H12 O6
What can the glucose made during photosynthesis be used for?
- respiration
-stored as starch for later
What are the two reasons animals cells prefer aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration doesn’t break down the glucose molecule completely, and so releases less energy than aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid which can damage cells and leads to an oxygen debt
Respiration is the release of energy from sugar molecules such as g_______
glucose
Which type of respiration leads to an oxygen debt, aerobic or anaerobic?
anaerobic
How do plants get the carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis?
It diffuses from the air into the leaves through the stomata
is photosynthesis exothermic or endothermic?
endothermic
In what part of the cell does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplasts/ chlorophyll
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in our bodies
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose+ oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water
Why may plants produce insufficient chlorophyll?
They lack the required nutrients
They have a disease like Tobacco Mosaic Virus
How could you count a persons brathing rate?
To measure a persons breathingrate, we can count how many times their chest rises and falls in a given amount of time.
is respiration exothermic or endothermic?
exothermic
How do plants get the water required for photosynthesis?
It diffuses from the soil into the root hair cells by osmosis
Fill in the blank:
_______________ occures in the chloroplasts. they contain a green pigment(chemical ) called _________ which absorbs _____ energy.
-photosynthesis
- chlorophyll
-light
Name the four limiting factors
-light intensity
- CO2 concentration
- temperature
- chlorophyll concentration
Name the seven life processes:
- M________
- Res_______
-S_________y
-Gr_____
-R____d________n
-E_______n
-Nu_______
-movement
-respiration
-sensitivity
-growth
-reproduction
-excretion
-nutrition
Fill in the blanks:
Plants store glucose in the form of ______ to use when they are unable to P______________ enough (at night or in winter) to get the glucose needed for ___________.
-starch
-photosynthesise
-respiration
Why does glucose need to be converted to starch to be stored?
because glucose is soluble whilst starch is insoluble
What is a limiting factor?
something that affects the rate at which photosynthesis occurs
Describe how you would carry out a test for photosynthesis
- set up a test tube rack containing a boiling tube at a distance of 10cm away from the light source
2.Fill the boiling tube with the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution - put the piece of pondweed into the boiling tube with the cut end at the top. gently push the pondweed down with the glass rod.
- leave the boiling tube for 3 - 5 minutes
- Start the stopwatch and count the number of bubbles produced in one minute
- repeat stepts 1-5 with the test tube rack and boiling tube at distances of 20cm, 30cm and 40cm away from the light source. record the reults.
What is respiration?
the process by which energy is released from glucose as its broken down
Where does respiration take place?
mitochondria
What is energy needed for? (5)
-growth
-repair
-movement
-digestion
-regulate body temp
What is fermentation?
anaerobic respiration in plants and microorganisms such as yeast
What is fermentation used for in industry?
bread
wine
beer
equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast
glucose= ethanol + carbon dioxide
Name 5 metabollic reactions
- breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion
- respiration
- conversion of glucose to starch or cellulose (in plants) and glycogen (in animals) for storage
- formation of amino acids to make protein
- formation of lipids (fats) from 1 moecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acids.
Variables in the photosynthesis required practical
independant- light intensity,
dependant-number of oxygen bubbles given off in a set period of time
control- size of pondweed, temperature
Why does your pulse rate increase the more intense your excercise is?
your heart is pumping faster to get more oxygen to the muscles and take more carbin dioxide away from the muscles
