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Bioenergetics Flashcards

Photosynthesis, respiration and the effects of exercise!!!

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1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen

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2
Q

What is the formula for glucose?

A

C6H12O6

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3
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

It is an endothermic reaction in which energy is
transferred from the environment to the
chloroplasts by light.

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4
Q

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Temperature, Light Intensity, Carbon Dioxide
Concentration, Amount of Chlorophyll.

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5
Q

How does temperature affect photosynthesis?

A

As temperature rises the rate of photosynthesis
increases, when temperature becomes too high
enzymes are denatured and so rate of
photosynthesis decreases until it stops
completely.

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6
Q

How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?

A

The brighter the light the greater the rate of
photosynthesis.

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7
Q

How does carbon dioxide concentration affect
photosynthesis?

A

The greater the concentration of carbon dioxide
the greater the rate of photosynthesis.

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8
Q

How does the amount of chlorophyll affect
photosynthesis?

A

The more chlorophyll the greater the rate of
photosynthesis.

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9
Q

How can you measure the rate of
photosynthesis?

A

Place the plant underwater and measure the
volume of oxygen made or count the number of
bubbles in a given time. The more gas made, the
faster the rate of photosynthesis.

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10
Q

What can glucose be used for in a plant?

A

Respiration, make starch, make fats or oils, make
cellulose, make amino acids.

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11
Q

How do plants make proteins?

A

Amino acids made from glucose and plants
combine these with nitrate ions absorbed from
the soil to make proteins.

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12
Q

What is starch used for in the plant?

A

Storage.

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13
Q

What are fats or oils used for in the plant?

A

Storage.

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14
Q

What is cellulose used for in the plant?

A

Strengthens the cell wall.

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15
Q

What are amino acids used for in the plant?

A

Protein synthesis.

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16
Q

What is the name of the chemical that makes a
leaf look green?

A

Chlorophyll

17
Q

How can you test if a plant for starch?

A

Boil in ethanol to destroy waxy cuticle and
remove the colour. Then add iodine to the leaf.
If the iodine turns blue it contains starch.

18
Q

What cell part is needed for photosynthesis to
take place?

A

Chloroplast.

19
Q

What is the word equation for respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

20
Q

What is respiration?

A

It is an exothermic reaction in which energy is
transferred.

21
Q

What do organisms need energy for?

A

Chemical reactions to build larger molecules,
movement and keeping warm.

22
Q

Chemical reactions to build larger molecules,
movement and keeping warm.

A

Glucose -> Lactic Acid

23
Q

Why is less energy released through anaerobic
respiration compared to aerobic?

A

The oxidation of glucose is incomplete.

24
Q

What are the differences between aerobic and
anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

Aerobic respiration involves oxygen, anaerobic
doesn’t, aerobic respiration releases more
energy.

25
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic
respiration in plant and yeast cells?

A

Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

26
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
otherwise known as?

A

Fermentation.

27
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
important?

A

Can be used to manufacture bread and alcoholic
drinks.

28
Q

What changes happen to the body during
exercise and why?

A

The heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume
increases during exercise to supply the muscles
with more oxygenated blood.

29
Q

What happens during exercise if there is a
insufficient oxygen?

A

Anaerobic respiration takes place, this leads to a
build up lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt.

30
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after
exercise to remove the lactic acid from cells.

31
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.

32
Q

What are examples of metabolic reactions?

A

Converting glucose to starch and glycogen to
cellulose, the formation of lipids, the formation of
proteins, respiration and breakdown of proteins.

33
Q

Why do you respire more when exercising?

A

Because the muscles need more energy from respiration to contract.

34
Q

What increases during exercise?

A

Breathing rate and breath volume.

35
Q

What can long periods of exercise cause?

A

Muscle fatigue, where the muscles get tired and stop contracting efficiently.

Biology (7 decks)

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