Bioenergetics Flashcards
what kind of reaction is photosynthesis?
- an endothermic reaction
the word equation for photosynthesis:
carbon dioxide + water»_space;» glucose + oxygen
what is the formula equation for photosynthesis?
CO2 + H2O»_space;»» C6H12O6 + O2
what are the five uses of the glucose that is a product of photosynthesis?
- release energy in respiration
- produces starch as a storage molecule; it can be converted back to glucose when needed
- converted to fats and oils; used by the plant as a storage form of energy
- make cellulose; helps strengthen the cell
- produces amino acids
what are the four limiting factors of photosynthesis?
- light intensity
- carbon dioxide
- temperature
- the amount of chlorophyll in the leaf
how can farmers increase the rate of photosynthesis of their plants in a greenhouse?
- they light the greenhouse
- they heat the greenhouse
- they add extra carbon dioxide to the greenhouse
what type of reaction is respiration?
- an exothermic reaction
what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen»_space;»> carbon dioxide + water
in what case would muscle cells respire anaerobically?
when there is a shortage of oxygen
word equation for anaerobic respiration:
glucose»_space;»> lactic acid
why does aerobic respiration require energy?
because the glucose molecule is fully oxidised
why does anaerobic respiration not require a great deal of energy?
the glucose molecule isn’t fully oxidised
what is fermentation?
anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
what product is produced by fermentation?
ethanol (alcohol to make alcoholic drinks)
what happens during exercise? (4)
- the body needs a great deal of energy for muscle contractions
- aerobic respiration increases
- to provide for the increase of aerobic respiration, breathing rate and breathing volume increases
- heart rate increases to pump oxygenated blood around the body
what is the oxygen debt process? (3)
- where the body has to remove the lactic acid from the muscles
- lactic acid is transported out of the muscles by the blood and is then taken back to the liver
- it’s converted back to glucose in a series of chemical reactions
define oxygen debt
the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to deal with the lactic acid
define metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or the body
what is glucose converted to in humans?
glycogen
how is a lipid molecule formed?
1 glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acid molecules
