Bioenergetics

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

The capacity to do work
mechanical=muscle contraction
chemical=biosynthesis (anabolism)
transport

Question 2

What are the laws of energetics (thermodynamics)

Answer 2

1st law =Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
interconverted (transduction).
2nd law =For physical and chemical processes to proceed the entropy of the universe must increase.
increase in randomness or disorder = increase in entropy

Question 3

What is a ppi?

Answer 3

A pyrophosphate

Question 4

What are the methods of ATP production?

Answer 4

phototrophy
Uses light energy (oxygenic photosynthesis).

Oxidation of electron donors
inorganic- chemolithotrophy of some prokaryotes.
organic- aerobic (with air) respiration that requires oxygen as an electron acceptor.
anaerobic (without air) respiration that uses an electron acceptors other than oxygen e.g. sulfate (SO42-)

fermentation
no net oxidation/reduction
anaerobic

Question 5

What is Phototrophy

Answer 5

Phototrophy refers to the process by which energy from the sun is captured and converted into chemical energy, in the form of ATP.

Question 6

What is chemolithotrophy

Answer 6

The term chemolithotroph means “rock eaters” and is used to refer to organisms that generate energy by the oxidation of inorganic molecules for biosynthesis or energy conservation via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.

Question 7

What are chemoorganotrophs

Answer 7

chemoorganotrophs obtain chemically from the oxidation of reduced organic compounds