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Part II > Bioeffects trivia > Flashcards

Bioeffects trivia Flashcards

1
Q

Dose rate required to double the mutation rate in man has been extrapolated from mouse models. This dose is:

A

At lease 1 Gray Low dose rate, low LET. Called the doubling dose

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2
Q

Analysis of Japanese bomb survivors was limited to those person who had doses:

A

Less than 4 Gy. Because the analyses were used to determine stochastic risk coefficient

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3
Q

Innermost layer of the epidermis.

A

Basal cell layer. Basal cells continually divide and new cells constantly push older ones up toward the surface of the skin. Also called the stratum germinativum.

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4
Q

According to BEIR V, the minimum dose required to cause permanent male sterility is a an acute dose to the testes of

A

3-5 Gy

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5
Q

Peak thyroid uptake values will not be reached until _____ after exposure

A

12 hours

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6
Q

An Active person who eats a high fiber diet and has adequate fluids will have a gastrointestinal tract transit time of

A

24-36 hours

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7
Q

Cigarette smokers who smoke 1.5 packs a day receive approximately 8 Rem/yr to the lungs due to

A

Pb-210 and Po-210

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8
Q

Clearance times for respiratory tract are

A

a) Trachea: 0.1 hoursb) Bronchi: 1.0 hoursc) Bronchioles: 4 hoursd) Alveoli: 10-1500+ days

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9
Q

Radio-sensative cells in the bone

A

Endosteal and epitheal cells on the bone surface

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10
Q

Three types of deleterious effects due to radiation exposure

A

Tumor Induction, Fertility effects, and Hereditary effects

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11
Q

Most soils have the ability to release more than _____ of the radon formed

A

10%. NCRP no 78: the fraction of radon released from a solid material depends on its porosity and whether is on or near the surface of the material. It is currently believed that the source of most of the radon is the soil beneath a structure.

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12
Q

The absorbed dose to cells in the _____ in the upper airways of the tracheobronchial tree is the significant dose for cancer induction in miners

A

Bronchial epithelium

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13
Q

Cancer induced by radon daughters in underground mines is found primarily in the

A

upper trachea and bronchial tree

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14
Q

BIER V estimates _____ additional cancer deaths in a population of 100,000 exposed to 10 Rad

A
  1. 0.8% per 10 rem
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15
Q

The ICRP 26 risk factor used for stochastic effects is

A

0.01 per sievert

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16
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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17
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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18
Q

Rank cells from most to lease radio-sensitive: Intestinal crypt cells, nerve cells, mature spermatocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes

A

Lymphocytes, Intestional crypt cells, mature spermatocytes, erythrocytes, nerve cells.

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19
Q

In the interaction of thermal neutrons with tissue, the major dose is from

A

H-1 (n, gamma) H-2 reaction

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20
Q

If a linear relationship between somatic effects of radiation and absorbed dose is assumed, the number of additional cancer deaths to be expected per million persons per rad is:

A

800

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21
Q

Normal background radiation exposures are partially due to ingestion/inhalation and subsequent accumulation in the thyroid of:

A

I-131

22
Q

Fission products considered environmental indicators of contamination, e.g. Sr-90 and I-131 are considered such because

A

The exposure pathways are significant

23
Q

Plutonium, taken into the circulatory system, will deposit in what areas of the body?

A

Bone- for soluble plutonium. Lungs- for insoluble forms.

24
Q

Both Cs-137 and I-131 are released as fission products by power plants. The bio-pathways for these two radionuclides can be traced via:

A

Milk. Cereals are good indicators for Cs-137 and Sr-90, but not I-131

25
Q

Radium is considered to be a _____ seeker when internal to the body

A

Bone. All group II elements are considered bone seekers.

26
Q

What is the law of Bergonie and Tribondeau?

A

Radio-sensitivity of a cell is directly proportional to metabolic activity and inversely proportional to the degree of differentiation.

27
Q

Outermost layer of skin that provides protection to the underlying tisses

A

Stratum corneum

28
Q

The DAC for Rn-222 is _____ of the working level

A

1/3

29
Q

Average activity of K-40 found in the human body

A

100nCi

30
Q

Non-Stochastic ALI (nALI)

A

Amount of radioactive material which will produce a 50 year committed dose equivalent to an individual organ or tissue of 50 Rems. (H50,T)

31
Q

Stochastic ALI (sALI)

A

Amount of radioactive material which will produce a 50 year committed effective dose equivalent of 5 rem (adds in the sum of the weighting factors). (SUM(wT H50,T)

32
Q

Largest respirable particle is considered to be

A

10 microns

33
Q

General area dose rates should be recorded

A

as the highest dose rate between the head and knees

34
Q

Equilibrium ratio

A

[WL comprised of daughters in pCi/L]/Radon pCi/l * 100WL for daughters is 1 = 100pCi/L for 3 daughter nuclides.

35
Q

WLM

A

(WL*exposure time(hours)/170 hoursThe 170 is amount of hours spent working per month

36
Q

1 WLM =

A

~ 14 mSv/WLM

37
Q

ALIs and DACs for inhalation classes in Table 1 of Appendix B

A

D, W, Y. refers to thier retention in the pulmonary region of the lung. D is less than 10 days, W is 10 to 100 days and Y is greater than 100 days.

38
Q

Chemically, Uranium is toxic to:

A

The Kidneys

39
Q

The limits for air and liquid effluents when added together, would result in ____ mrem

A
  1. Limit fro general public.
40
Q

For inhaled radionuclides, ___ is least dependent upon particle size or mass

A

Tracheobronchial deposition

41
Q

The ALIs and DACs for inhalation by the NRC are given for an aerosol with an activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of _____ µm

A

1

42
Q

The three classes of inhaled radioactive material, thier retention, and region of retention in the lung

A

D, W, Y

D = celarance half-time of <10 days

W = 10 to 100 days

Y - greater than 100 days

All in the pulmonary region of the lung

43
Q

Critical organ for Sr-90

A

Bone

44
Q

Critical organ for Cs-137

A

Total Body

45
Q

Critical organ for Pu-239 (Class Y)

A

Bone

46
Q

Critical organ for U-238 (class W)

A

Lung

47
Q

Fast neutrons are more effective at producing cataracts than other forms of radiation

A

True

48
Q

Cerebrovascular syndrome dose (approximate)

A

100 Gy

49
Q

Gastrointestional syndrom dose (approximate)

A

5-12 Gy

50
Q

Hematopoietic syndrome dose (approximate)

A

2.5-5 Gy

51
Q

Define the Derived Air Concentration (DAC)

A

The concentration of a given radionuclide in air which, if breathed by the refernce man for a working year of 2,000 hours under conditions of light work (inhalation rate of 1.2 cubic meters of air per hour), results in an intake of one ALI

52
Q

Annual limit on Intake (ALI)

A

Derived limit for the amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year. ALI is the samller value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committeed effective dose equivalent (CEDE) of 5 rems (0.05 Sv) or a committed dose equivalent (CDE) of 50 rems (0.5 Sv) to any individual organ or tissue.

Part II (25 decks)

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