Biodiversity within a Community

Question 1

species richness

Answer 1

number of different types of species living in a particular community

Question 2

species diversity

Answer 2

number of each species and number of individuals of each species within a community

Question 3

genetic diversity

Answer 3

number of different alleles in a population

Question 4

species evenness

Answer 4

how close in number each species in an environment is

Question 5

species richness vs diversity

Answer 5

richness only shows number of species
(index of) diversity shows number in each species
may be lots in one species and few in another

Question 6

index of diversity

Answer 6

takes into account number in each species/ abundance
relationship between the number of species in a community and number of individuals in each species
N- total number of organisms in all species
n- total number of organisms in each species (add up numbers of individual species)
high IoD- diverse, able to withstand environmental change

Question 7

maintaining biodiversity- ethical

Answer 7

to prevent extinction and loss of populations

to prevent loss of habitats

Question 8

maintaining biodiversity- economic

Answer 8

agriculture
tourism
medical/ pharmaceutical resources that organisms can contribute to
saving local forest communities

Question 9

farming

Answer 9

reduces biodiversity as they clear land of natural vegetation to grow crops
removes habitats of many species
destruction of hedgerows to make room for crops removes habitats of many
selective breeding reduces genetic diversity as it only selects favourable characteristics
fertilisers pollute surrounding areas and cause eutrophication
pesticides are sprayed on crops but kill a range of animals
herbicides kill competing plants

Question 10

monoculture

Answer 10

growing large areas of a single crop
increases yield and reduces labour costs
reduces biodiversity, genetic diversity and species diversity as habitats are destroyed

Question 11

biodiversity vs profit

Answer 11

high yield and profit are most important to farmers

farming practices that increase biodiversity are expensive and not worth the effort

Question 12

farming solutions

Answer 12

plant hedges which increase habitats for different species
leave margins around fields for weeds to grow
increase in variety of animals leads to an increase in predator species
leave stubble (remains) to provide types of food for birds