Biodiversity: taxonomy Flashcards

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1
Q

what is classification?

A

organisation of living organisms into groups

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2
Q

what is a species?

A

a group of similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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3
Q

what system is used to name species?

A

binomial system

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4
Q

how does the binomial system work?

A

1st name = generic name = genus

2nd name = specific name = species

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5
Q

name three other rules of the binomial system

A
  • has to be written in italics
  • first letter of generic name is in capitals
  • when specific name is unknown,it is written as ‘sp’
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6
Q

what are the five aims of courtship behaviour?

A
  • recognise members of own species
  • identify mate is capable of breeding - sexual maturity/ fertile and receptive
  • form a pair bond that leads to successful matinf
  • synchronise mating so maximum probability of fertilisation
  • become able to breed so member of opposite sex is in physiological state to allow breeding to occur
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7
Q

what is the term for the theory and practice of biological classification?

A

taxonomy

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8
Q

what are the two main forms of classification?

A
  • artificial

- natural

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9
Q

what is artificial classification?

A
  • divide organisms by anatomy
    (analogous characteristics - same function but different origins)
  • does not reflect evolutionary relationship
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10
Q

what is another term for natural classification?

A

-phylogenetic classification

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11
Q
  • what is phylogenetic classification?
A
  • based on evolutionary relationships
    (partly based on homologous characteristics)
  • classify species using shared features from ancestors
  • arranges the group into hierarchy
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12
Q

what is phylogeny?

A

evolutionary relationship between organisms

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13
Q

what is the highest taxonomical rank?

A

domain

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14
Q

what are the three domains?

A
  • bacteria
  • archaea
  • eukarya
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15
Q

what is bacteria and its features?

A

group of single celled prokaryotes

  • unicellular
  • 70S ribosomes
  • made of murein
  • no membrane bound organelles
  • single loop of naked DNA
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16
Q

what is archaea and how does it differ from bacteria?

A

group of single celled prokaryotes

  • cell wall not made of murein
  • genes/ protein synthesis more similar to eukaryotes
  • more complex form of RNA polymerase
  • membranes contain fatty acids chains attached to glycerol by ether linkages
17
Q

what is eukarya and its features?

A

group of organisms made up of one or more eukaryotic cells

  • no murein in cells which have cells walls
  • contain membrane bound organelles
  • membranes contain fatty acids chains attached to glycerol by ester linkages
  • 80S ribosomes (larger than bacteria/archaea)
18
Q

how many kingdoms is the Eukarya domain subdivided into?

A
  • Protoctista
  • fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
19
Q

how are the kingdoms classified

A
  • phylum
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
20
Q

mnemonic for kingdoms classification

A
did 
king 
philip
come 
over
from 
great
spain