Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biodiversity, species and taxonomy > Flashcards

Biodiversity, species and taxonomy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biodiversity? (2)

A

Number of species and the number of individuals of each of the species within any one community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is species richness? (1)

A

Number of different species in a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a community? (1)

A

All the individuals of all the species living together in the same area at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is genetic diversity? (1)

A

Difference in DNA/base sequence/alleles/genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a niche? (3)

A

An organism’s role in an ecosystem/community
It describes what the species is like, where it occurs, how it behaves, how it interacts with other species and how it responds to the environment
Species sharing the same niche will compete with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a habitat? (1)

A

A place where an organism normally lives within an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Compare and contrast species richness and index diversity (2)

A

Both species richness and index of diversity take into account the number of different species present in a community
Index diversity takes into account number of individuals for each species in a community but species richness does not take into account individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to calculate an index of diversity for a particular community? (2)

A

Number of species
Number of individuals in each species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The number of species present is one way to measure biodiversity.
Explain why an index of diversity may be a more useful measure of biodiversity (2)

A

Also measures numbers of individuals in a species
Some species may be present in low/high numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give 2 advantages of using an index of biodiversity rather than an indicator species (2)

A

You do not need to identify each species
Index considers the number of organisms of each of the species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Suggest one economic argument for maintaining biodiversity (5)

A

Medical/pharmaceutical uses
Commercial products
Tourism
Agriculture
Saving local forest communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does farming reduce species diversity? (4)

A

Natural plants and animals are lost when the land is cleared, ploughed etc - these activities may reduce variety of food sources and habitats and niches
Growth of species crops/ animals occurs - growth of other species is controlled or stopped
Pesticides and herbicides may be used to kill unwanted species
Fertilisers are designed to encourage growth of specific crops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The forest was cleared to make more land available for agriculture.
After the forest was cleared the species diversity of insects in the area decreased. Explain why (4)

A

Decrease in variety of plants/fewer plant species
Fewer habitats/niches
Decrease in variety of food/fewer food sources
Aspect of clearing forest (killing insects) eg machinery, pesticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Framers clear tropical forests and grow crops instead. Explain how this causes the diversity of insects in the area to decrease (5)

A

Lower diversity of plants/few species of plants
Few sources of food
Few habitats/niches
Fewer species of herbivore so few species of carnivores
Aspect of agriculture (killing insects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can biodiversity be increased in areas of agriculture (3)

A

Use hedgerows instead of fences
Grow different crops in the same area or rotate crops around after a season
Limit use of pesticide and herbicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is classification? (1)

A

Arranging organisms into groups

17
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The theory and practice of biological classification

18
Q

What is the taxonomic hierarchy? (8)

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

19
Q

Explain what is meant by a hierarchy (2)

A

Smaller groups within larger groups
No overlap between groups

20
Q

Explain what is meant by phylogenetic group (1)

A

The study of patterns of evolutionary history

21
Q

What does courtship behaviour mean? (2)

A

Behaviour that results in mating and eventual reproduction
Genetically determined

22
Q

Give 2 ways in which courtship increases the probability of successful mating (advantages of courtship behaviour) (5)

A

Attracts/recognises the same species
Attracts/recognises opposite sex/mate
Indication of sexual maturity/fertility/synchronise mating
Stimulates release of gametes
Form pair bond

23
Q

How to compare genetic diversity between organisms (4)

A

The frequency of measurable or observable characteristics
The base sequence of DNA
The base sequence of mRNA
The amino acid sequence of the proteins encoded by DNA and mRNA

24
Q

What is the problem with using observable features to place organisms into groups (2)

A

Leads to mistakes because some species look similar but have not shared common ancestor recently
Not reliable

25
Q

In classification, comparing the base sequence of a gene provides more information than comparing the amino acid sequence for which the gene codes. Explain why (3)

A

More bases than amino acids
Introns/non-coding DNA
Same amino acid may be coded for /DNA code is degenerate

26
Q

Comparing the base sequence of genes provides more evolutionary information than comparing the structure of proteins. Explain why (3)

A

More bases than amino acids
Introns/non-coding DNA
More than one code for each amino acid

27
Q

Give two ways doctors could use base sequences to compare different types of
HPV (3)

A

Compare DNA base sequence
Compare mRNA base sequence
Look for mutations

28
Q

What advantage does a high genetic diversity provide? (2)

A

Ability to adapt to a change in environment
Allows natural selection to occur

29
Q

Describe how comparisons of biological molecules in two species could be used to find out if they are closely related (8)

A

Compare DNA
Sequence of bases/nucleotides
Compare Cytochrome C (mitochondria) same/named protein
Sequence of amino acids/primary structure
Inject serum/protein into animal
Obtain antibodies/serum
Add protein/serum from other species
Amount of precipitate indicates relationship

30
Q

What is a population? (1)

A

All the organisms of a species living in the same area at the same time

31
Q

Define species (1)

A

Group of similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

32
Q

What system is used to give species a universal name (1)

A

Binomial naming system

33
Q

How are binomial names handwritten (2)

A

First letter of the genus name should be capitalised, with the rest in lowercase
The whole name should be underlined

34
Q

What is phylogenetic classification? (1)

A

Process of arranging organisms into groups based on their evolutionary origins and relationships

35
Q

What is meant by interspecific and intraspecific competition? (2)

A

Interspecific - competition between individuals of different species
Intraspecific - competition between individuals of same species

Biology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions