Biodiversity and Extinction Flashcards
____ Describes the variety of species
in an ecosystem and the essential ____of all life forms.
The number of species in an area described as ____.
interdependence
species richness
Species richness tends to be higher near the ____
_____ have the highest biodiversity.
equator
Tropical Rainforests
Three types of biodiversity:
Diversity of Species
Diversity of Ecosystem
Diversity of Genes
Diversity of Species
Defined as the number of different species
present in a place and ____ of
each of those species.
Diversity of Ecosystem
Defined as the variety of different habitats,
communities and ___.
Diversity of Genes
Describes the total number of different ____ found within a species.
relative abundance
ecological processes
alleles
Importance of Biodiversity (4)
Protects against climate
Ensures Food Security
Fights Disease
Supports Communities
___ complete disappearance of a species from Earth
Usually occurs at a slow rate but usually after a ____
Extinction
Catastrophic event
a short period of geological time in which a high percentage of biodiversity dies out.
Mass extinction
The Mass Extinctions (5)
Ordovician - Silurian period
Devonian Period
Permian - Triassic Period
Triassic - Jurassic Period
Cretaceous - Paleogene Period
The Mass Extinctions date:
Ordovician - Silurian period
Devonian Period
Permian - Triassic Period
Triassic - Jurassic Period
Cretaceous - Paleogene Period
Ordovician - Silurian period
443 MYA
Devonian Period
374 MYA
Permian - Triassic Period
250 MYA
Triassic - Jurassic Period
200 MYA
Cretaceous - Paleogene Period
66 MYA
The Mass Extinctions death rate:
Ordovician - Silurian period
Devonian Period
Permian - Triassic Period
Triassic - Jurassic Period
Cretaceous - Paleogene Period
Ordovician - Silurian period
85%
Devonian Period
70%
Permian - Triassic Period
95%
Triassic - Jurassic Period
76%
Cretaceous - Paleogene Period
80%
Factors that can contribute to mass extinction (5)
Changes in Sea Levels
Continental Movement
Geologic events like volcanic eruption
Global warming and cooling
Meteor Impact
Refers to the rate at which species are disappearing from the Earth.
It is often expressed as:
Extinction Rate
extinctions per million species per year (E/MSY)
Species at risk classifications (3)
The species is extinct from an ecosystem, but exist elsewhere.
Species is facing extinction/extirpation
Species is at risk of being endangered if factors are not changed.
Extirpated
endangered
threatened
Over 98% of the species that have ever existed are extinct according to ____
Begum
Number of endemic species threatened with extinction in the Philippine archipelago according to BirdLife International
93 (36%) endemic species
____ of the genetic diversity of plants have been lost
___ species per hour are going extinct with ___ extinctions occuring per year
___ of the world’s coral reed systems are degraded or destroyed
___ of mammals and ___ of bird species are globally threatened
____ of the world’s wetlands have been drained and an equal amount of species in wetlands have declined
75%
3
20000
1.3
24%
12%
50%
Current amount of endangered species at 2022
Most species going extinct is the group of ___
16 900
Fish
Best known endangered species in the philippines (9)
Philippine Eagle
Tamaraw
Philippine Crocodile
Walden’s Hornbill
Net Coral
Visayan Warty Pig
Tarsier
Philippine Forest Turtle
Negros Bleeding-Heart
Philippine Eagle scientific name
Pithecophaga jefferyi
Other name of the Philippines:
as declared by ___
Pearl of the Orient Sea
Biance Ferrer
Philippines is among the mega-biodiverse countries which accounts for ___ of the earth’s biodiversity and ___ plant and animal species can be found in the archipelago with half being endemic
There are also ___ Key Biodiversity Areas
2/3
53 000
228
Philippines has lost ___ of its original forest cover since the 1900s and ____ hecrares of forest cover are lost annually
93%
47 000
in 2013, DENR identified ____ threatened plant and animal species while ___ plant species were further classified
700
984
Natural causes of extinction (4)
Natural Disasters
Competition
Disease
Climate Change
Anthropogenic causes of extinction (8)
Pollution
Overexploitation
Habitat Destruction and Fragmentation
Invasive Species
Habitat Degradation
Illegal Wildlife Trade
Overharvesting of Resources
Agricultural Practices
Conservation to mitigate Extinction (5)
Legislation and Regulation
Education and Awareness
Monitoring and Research
Breeding and Reintroduction Programs
Legally Binding Agreements
