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Biodiversity And Conservation Flashcards

1
Q

What is buodiversity

A
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2
Q

3 types pf biodiversity

A
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3
Q

Mass extinctions

A
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4
Q

Normal rate of extinction

A

1 species per million species / year

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5
Q

5 mass extinction

A
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6
Q

How did cretaceous paleogene

A
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7
Q

When did meghalayan age began

A

4200 years ago

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8
Q

How does biodiversity vary from poles to tropics

A

Increase
More sunlight -> more productivity

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9
Q

Biodiversity trends

A
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10
Q

What is landscape

A
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11
Q

What is alpha diversity

A
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12
Q

Beta and gamma diversity

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13
Q

Zeta diversity

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14
Q

Explain aloha beta gamma using example

A
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15
Q

What is the definition of mega diverse country as per conservation, International(NGO), Virginia Arlington, USA?

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16
Q

How many countries are considered mega diverse country?

A
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17
Q

Who established like-minded mega diverse countries? And how many countries are there?

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18
Q

Who gave the concept of biodiversity hotspots, and what are the two conditions?

A
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19
Q

What is the total biodiversity that is known to us, and what has greater biodiversity fauna or flora?

A
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20
Q

Vascular plants

A
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21
Q

As per conservation, International, how many BDHS are there?

A

36

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22
Q

How many biodiversity hotspots are there in India?

A

4

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23
Q

Name four biodiversity hotspots in India

A

Western Ghats in Sri Lanka,

Indo Verma, including Northeast India and Andaman, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, very small areas of Bangladesh and Malaysia,
Sundaland
Himalayas

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24
Q

What is sundaland

A
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25
Q

Explain wallace and lydekkar line

A

Wallace Line: Separates Asian species from Wallacea.
• Lydekker Line: Separates Australian species from Wallacea.
• Wallacea (middle zone): A mix of both — evolutionary buffet!

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26
Q

Wallace on map

A
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27
Q

Which line cuts wallacea into two?

A

Weber line

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28
Q

What is the significance of biodiversity hotspots?

A
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29
Q

What are cool spot?

A
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30
Q

What is critical ecosystem partnership fund?

A
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31
Q

Who manages CEPF fund

A
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32
Q

Ques on BDHS

A
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33
Q

Hope
Spots

A
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34
Q

What is functional redundancy?

A

Imagine a workplace. You have 5 people who can all do typing work. Even if 1 or 2 go on vacation, work continues smoothly.

That’s functional redundancy — multiple species doing the same job in an ecosystem.

So in high biodiversity ecosystems:
• You have many species doing similar ecological roles (e.g. pollinating, decomposing, seed dispersing).
• If one species goes extinct, others can fill in, and the system keeps running.

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35
Q

What is significance of nature in biodiversity?

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36
Q

What is significance of humans in biodiversity?

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37
Q

What are different types of resources and their classification?

A
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38
Q

3 approaches of living

A
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40
Q

What is ecosystem services?

A

Benefits that we obtain from nature as per millennium ecosystem assessment, 2005 of UN nature provides four types of ecosystem services
Provisioning,
Regulating,
Cultural,
Supporting

41
Q

4 types of ES

42
Q

What are provisioning services

43
Q

Water regulating and cultural services

44
Q

What is green muffler?

45
Q

What is supporting services

46
Q

Example of nature acting as bioshield

A

2004, Indian Ocean tsunami, role of mangrove

2013 phalin Odisha: super cyclone.

2013 UK disaster trees fallen: not able to get that service.

Prevention of landslides.

Prevention of desertification that is land degradation and dry areas.

Vegetation cover gone:: soil erosion increases:: by water. Wind:: top part is gone:: fertility:: ability to support vegetation:: vegetation cover gone.

47
Q

What is TEEB

48
Q

3 pillars of TEEB

49
Q

What is the focus of TEEB?

A

In land wetlands, forest, coastal ecosystems, including mangroves

50
Q

NCAVES

51
Q

What is the objective of NCAVES?

52
Q

As per UK government, what is the total net worth of ecosystem services given by UK nature

53
Q

Who publishes the global land Outlook report?

A

UNCCD (UN convention to combat decertification)

54
Q

As per the global and outlook, what proportion of global GDP input comes from nature?

55
Q

Green washing

A

PR exercise to create an environment friendly image, contrary to the reality

56
Q

What is green GDP?

57
Q

What are the five threats to biodiversity as per IPBES?

A

Habitat degradation/habitat loss/habitat fragmentation.

Over exploitation.

Climate change.

Pollution.

Invisible species

58
Q

Which organisation is called as IPCC of biodiversity?

A

IPBES(intergovernmental science policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services)

59
Q

Jared diamond

60
Q

Definition of IAS

61
Q

What does IPBES say about IAS?

A

37,000 a species, out of which 3500 are invasive variant species

62
Q

Definition of IAS as per WPA 1972 amendment 2022

A

IAS is a species not native of India and is harmful to wildlife or its habitat

63
Q

Tell about Pontidera Crassipes

64
Q

Which species is known as terror of Bengal?

A

Water hyacinth

65
Q

Lake vicotria on map

66
Q

Which fish is invasive in India?

A

Tilapia fish

67
Q

Which fishes are dying in Lake Victoria because of water hyacinth

A

Tilapia fish

68
Q

Which species has infected almost 40% of India’s forest?

A

Lantana camara

69
Q

Which crops does thrips Parvispinus effects

A

Damages, many crops, including chilli crops
Came to India from Indonesia

70
Q

What is one of the sources of IAS?

A

Ballast water

71
Q

What is the ballast water management committee?

72
Q

Important conditions of ballast water management convention

73
Q

Anthropocentric approach of conservatio

74
Q

What are the two approaches of conservation?

A

Anthropocentric
BioCentruc: life is at the centre, every life deserves to live

75
Q

What is green terrorist?

A

People or institutions using threat to impose their idea of environment conservation. They advocate human population control.

77
Q

Rachel carsons book for eccentric approach

78
Q

Barry commoners four laws of ecology

79
Q

Barry commoners four laws of ecology 2

80
Q

Aldo leopold approach

A

Land ethic

81
Q

Global footprint network

82
Q

How many planets do we need as per current efp

83
Q

What is ecological overshoot?

A

Amount by which EFP exceeds bio capacity

84
Q

Ecological debter

85
Q

Ecologucal footprint

86
Q

Doxys irritation index

87
Q

3 principles of sustainable develo

88
Q

Which term did aldo leopold gave

A

Land ethic

89
Q

Essay by garett hardin

A

Tragedy of common 1968

90
Q

Who gave the ecological philosophy of deep ecology
3 pillars of deep ecology

A

Arnae naess

91
Q

Carrying caoacity

92
Q

Biocpacity?

A

Ability of nature to generate the resources in a given duration

93
Q

Ecological footprint

94
Q

EFP depends on 2 factors

95
Q

2 factors on which bio capacity depends

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