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Biology > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biodiversity definition

A
  • variety of life
  • species of microorganisms - virus, algae, fungi, plants, and animals
  • terrestrial and aquatic
  • ecological complexes
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2
Q

Adaptation serves as a basis for diversity

A
  • with respect to (NHrS M SSC)
  • to accommodate with different environment
  • adapt themselves by developing distinct but different features
  • becomes infused
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3
Q

Genetic Diversity meaning

A
  • chromosomes present

- number, type, and variations of gene and their alleles of the same species

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4
Q

Genetic diversity includes

A
  • variation and diversity within the population

- which is associated with adaptation to the local environment

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5
Q

genetic variation leads to

A

variations

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6
Q

variation leads to

A

evolution

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7
Q

genetic diversity (extra points)

A

intraspecific diversity

essential for a healthy breeding population

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8
Q

genetic diversity example-

A
  • sub-species or races
  • 1000 varieties of mango, 50000 varieties of rice and wheat
  • Rauwolfia vomitoria
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9
Q

Species diversity definition

A

-number of species of plants and animals present in a region constitutes its specific diversity

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10
Q

species diversity is

A

richer in some areas than other

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11
Q

species diversity deals with

A
  • variety of species

- number of individuals of different species

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12
Q

species diversity example

A

amphibian species

western ghats > eastern ghats

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13
Q

ecosystem diversity

A

different type of ecosystem

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14
Q

ecosystems have

A

own complement of distinctive interlinked species

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15
Q

ecosystem diversity described

A

specific geographical region

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16
Q

number of ecosystem diversity

A

one or many in different type in a region

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17
Q

ecosystem diversity high in ______?

A

India

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18
Q

ecosystem diversity low in ______?

A

Norway

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19
Q

ecosystem diversity example

A

India, ghats / Ladhak

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20
Q

Latitudinal gradient

A

higher at low altitudes

steady decline towards poles

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21
Q

diversity distribution

A

not uniform

22
Q

Tropical areas have

A 
lesser climate change
plenty of sunlight
less drastic disturbance 
favored speciation
reduced gene flow 
intense sunlight
warmer temperature
higher annual rainfall 
food preferences
23
Q

diversity decreases from _____ to ____

A

equator, pole

24
Q

Altitudinal gradient

A

species diversity more at lower altitudes

25
Q

higher altitude has

A

change in climatic conditions and drastic seasonal variation

26
Q

relationship between species diversity and habitat

A

directly proportional

27
Q

large area

A

more resources to be distributed

28
Q

Alexander Von Humboldt

A

species richness increases with the area but up to a certain limit

29
Q

graph for the species-area relationship

A

hyperbola

30
Q

The formula for the species-area relationship

A

log S = log C + Z log A

31
Q

‘C’ is

A

Y-intercept

32
Q

‘Z’ is

A

the slope of the line

33
Q

the species-area relationship on the log scale

A

straight

34
Q

for smaller areas, ‘Z’ is

A

from 0.1 to 0.2

35
Q

for larger areas, ‘Z’ is

A

steeper

36
Q

stable ecological community

A

average biomass constant over a period of time

37
Q

features of stable ecological community

A

strong to withstand disturbance
recover quickly
resistant to invasive species

38
Q

Productivity-Stability Hypothesis

A

species richness helps in stability

rich diversity - lesser variation in biomass

39
Q

Rivet Popper Hypothesis proposed by

A

Paul Ehrlich.

40
Q

The rivets of an airplane compared with

A

species in an ecosystem

41
Q

if the species are reduced

A

ecosystem will collapse.

42
Q

how many species around globe

A

7 million by Robert May

43
Q

number of species in India

A

45000 plants and double animals

44
Q

type of extinction

A

natural (forest fire, earthquake, volcano)
mass
man-made (hunting, reclamation)

45
Q

major causes for biodiversity losses

A

Habitat loss and fragmentation
alien species invasion
overexploitation
co-extinction

46
Q

Habitat loss and fragmentation

A

prime cause
reduction oh habitat, local degradation
loss of local habitat
tropical rainforest

47
Q

alien species invasion

A

alien species harmful for existing species
can lead to the extinction
invasive species
lack of local predator

48
Q

co-extinction

A

organisms associated in an obligatory way

extinction of one can lead to the extinction of other

49
Q

ICUN

A

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources

50
Q

function of ICUN

A

maintain red data book
aka red list
maintain the conservation status of plants and animals

Biology (7 decks)

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