Biodiversity Flashcards
What is Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety of different kinds of living things.
Levels of Biodiversity
Genetic Diversity
Species Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Greater genetic variation- means more traits for nature to select the ones most beneficial.
Species Diversity
Species variation- more interactions. The more diverse an ecosystem the more it tends to produce.
Ecosystem Diversity
- more habitats
- Greater # of habitats means greater chance of survival if something changes.
Keystone Species
Organism that helps define an ecosystem, without it the ecosystem would cease to exist.
Characteristics that define all living things
- All organisms are made of cells
- All organisms obtain and use energy
- All organisms interact with their environment
- All organisms grow and develop
- All organisms reproduce
- All organisms need water
- All organisms maintain homeostasis
- All organisms can evolve
Taxonomy
Science of; naming, identifying and classifying organisms.
Binomial nomenclature
a system developed for naming a specific species
Levels of Taxonomy Classifications
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Members of domains are quite diverse. Classification is based on 2 main characteristics…
- Type of Cell
Prokaryotes- cells do not have a nucleus
Eukaryotes- cells have a nucleus- Presence of Peptidoglycan (Sugar in the cell
wall)
- Presence of Peptidoglycan (Sugar in the cell
The three domains
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
Archaea Domain
- Prokaryotes
- Cell walls lack peptidoglycan
Bacteria Domain
- Prokaryotes
- Cell walls contain peptidoglycan
- Genetically unique rRna
Eukaryotes Domain
- Have eukaryotic cells (nucleus)
- Genetically unique rRNA
What are the six kingdoms?
Protista Animalia Fungi Archaebacteria Eubacteria Plantae
How are the organisms classified into the kingdoms?
Cell structure
Mode of nutrition
Reproduction
Cell structure
An organisms cells can have
Cell walls are rigid either made of cellulose or chitin
Cell membrane= flexible
Mode of Nutrition
Autotroph- make own food
Heterotroph- consume other organisms
Decomposer- breaks down dead organisms and their waste
Reproductive STRATEGY
Organisms can reproduce
Asexually- identical offspring
Sexual- partner variation in offspring
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotes unicellular Autotrophs Heterotrophs Asexual
Sub- categories
1. Methanogens Live in oxygen free environments 2. Halophiles Can live in water 10x saltier than the ocean 3. Thermoacidophiles Can survive in extreme heat Found in deep sea vents Most are anaerobic
Eubacteria Kingdom
Prokaryotes All unicellular Auto Hetero Decomposer Asexual and sexual Found everywhere All single celled prokaryotes Have cell walls with peptidoglycan DNA in the from of a ring
What are Endospores?
When conditions are poor small portion of bacteria can become dormant by forming a protective coating
Bacteria shape
Cocci- round
Bacilli- Rod shaped (beneficial for nutrient absorption)
Spirili- Spiral shaped (High motility)
Growth Pattern of Bacteria
Diplo- grow in years
Staphylo- grown in clusters
Strepto- grow in chain
Protist Kingdom
Cell walls chitin Mostly Unicellular Auto (plant-like protists) Hetero (Animal -like protists) Decomposer (Fungus- like protists) Asexual and sexual Major producers Important consumers Cause disease
Fungi Kingdom
chitin Mostly multicellular Heterotrophs Most Asexual Fungi are eukaryotes More closely related to animals than plants
Fungi Types
- Predatory - trap pray
- Parasitic- absorb nutrients from the living cells
of the host organism - Mutualistic -form partnerships with plants
4.Saprobial - feeds on dead organisms or waste
- Parasitic- absorb nutrients from the living cells
Plantae Kingdom
cellulose Mostly Multicellular Auto Asexual and Sexual Eukaryotes Photosynthesize using chlorophyll
Plant Classification
Non-vascular or vascular (having tubes to carry substances)
Seedless or seeded (a seed is a baby plant)
Groups of Plants
- Mosses- seedless and non-vascular
- Ferns seedless and vascular
- Gymnosperms- seeded and vascular
Angiosperms- seeded, vascular and has flowers
Animalia Kingdom
Multicellular Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Mobile at some point Reproduce sexually Cells have cell membranes
Characteristics to classify animals
- Body plan how the body is arranged Asymmetrical (body is irregular), Bilateral (2 mirror halves), Radial (body arranged around a central axis)
- Segments -body divided into sections (unsegmented and segmented)
- Cephalization - development of a distinct head (no/yes)