Biodiversity 5-9 Flashcards
Cell layer animals
Diploblastic animals and Triploblastic animals
Diploblastic animals
Ctenphores, Cnidarians
Layers: Endoderm and Ectoderm
Triploblastic animals
Bilaterians
Layers: Endoderm, Mesoderm, and Ectoderm
Animalia Clade
Sponges
Eumetazons
- Ctenophores
–Cnidarians
–Bilaterians
How do you differentiate animal groups?
Cell layer, Symmetry, Gastrulation, Body Cavity
Radial symmetry
Dividing the animal along any central axis and get symmetrical halves - diploblastic animals
Bilateral symmetry
when a unique single plane running from the anterior to the posterior position of the animal will produce a mirror image - triploblastic animals
Gastrulation
Protostomes: blastopore become the mouth
Deuterostomes: blastopore becomes anus: 2nd opening becomes the mouth
Body Cavaties
Acoelomate - flatworms
Pseudocoelomate - round worms
Coelomate - Protosomes, Lophotrochozoans (not flatworms), Ecdysozoans (not roundworms)
Whats the synapomorphy for animals?
extracellular matrix - collegen
Sponges
Part of animalia
- multicelluar and not considered eumetazoans and can reprode asexually and sexually by releasing a LOT of sperm into the ocean water
Synapomorphy: mineral spicules
Eumetazoans
- Ctenophores
-Unnamed taxon (hox genes)
Synapomorphy: tissues; nerves; muscle
Ctenophores
Comb jellies; radial symmetry, flow through gut, 8 combs
Synapomorphy: tissues: nerves, muscle
Cnidaria
Jellyfish, hydras, anemones, coals; radial symmetry, no flow through gut; ployp or medusa
Synapomorphy: cnidocytes (explosive stinging/ adhesive cells, like the cells with the barbs that sting)
Bilaterians
Protostomes and Deuterostomes
Synapomorphy: Triploblastic tissues; bilateral symmetry
Protostomes
Lophotrochozoans (DNA evidence)
Ecdysozoans (shed exoskeleton)
“first mouth” first opening in the blastula, the blastopore, develops into the mouth
Synapomorphy: blastopore develops into mouth
Deuterostomes
Echniderms
Chordates
“second mouth” first opening in blastula, the blastopore, develops into the anus and a second opening will develop into the mouth
Synapomorphy: blastopore develops into anus
Lophotrochozoans
Flatworms
Annelids
Mollusks
Synapomorphy: DNA evidence
Mollusks
Taxa: cephalopods (octopus and cuttlefish), gastropods (snails and slugs), bivalves (mussles and clams)
Synapomorphy: muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle
What do eumetazoans have that sponges so not?
- Gastrulation
- True tissues (nerve/muscles)
- symmtrical body plan
- internal gastrovascular system
Ecdysozoans
-Nematodes
-Arthropods
–Trilobites
–Chelicerates
–Myriapods
–Pancrustaceans
—“Crustacea”
—Insecta
Synapomorphy: shed exoskeleton
Nematodes
Round worms; C elegans
thin cuticle allows for water and gas exchange; cephalized with ventral nerve cord; complete digestive tract with two openings; unsegmented
Arthropods
Taxa: insects, crustaceans, spider, centipedes
Bodies are composed of various segments that can be modified for various functions
Synapomorphy: jointed appendages
Arthropods
Trilobites
Chelicerates
Myriapods
Pancrustaceans
