Biodiversity Flashcards
Habitat biodiversity
Different habitats in one area
What is Species biodiversity split into
Species richness
Species evenness
Species evenness
How evenly individuals are spread across different species
Species richness
Number of different species present
Genetic biodiversity
Variety of genes and alleles within a species
Simpson index of diversity
D = 1 - sum of (total number of organisms of one species/total number of all organisms
Proportion of polymorphic gene loci =
Number of polymorphic gene loci / total number of gene loci
Factors affecting biodiversity
Breeding w different populations and same
Natural selection - only certain traits will be carried forward, lowering genetic biodiversity
Small number of individuals
Breeding bc extremely low population
Isolated population - founder effect
May not reproduce
Opportunistic sample
Scientist select organisms where readily available
Doesn’t represent all organisms though
Stratified sample
Population split into groups called strata
E.g. split male and females representative of population
Systematic sample
Gradual change in habitat from one place to another
Organisms or features change as habitat change
Line transect
Line put down and any organism touching line is sampled
Belt transect
2 parallel lines and organisms between these are sampled
Sweeping net
Sweep along grass and catch insects
Pooter
Container with two tubes w one at insect and one w our mouth to blow insect in
Pitfall
Container in ground
Kick banks
Kick banks and move into net
Quadrat
Put on ground and sample in square
How many squares have plant and percentage
Factors affecting biodiversity
- increased population need food
- a lot of space
Carbon dioxide climate change
Impact of large population on biodiversity
Need more farms - lower biodiversity
Field contains one crop - monoculture
Herbicides kill plant and insecticides kill insects
Hedgerows dug up
Deforestation impact on biodiversity
Habitats
Burned - co2
6Bill Carbon dioxide impact on biodiversity
Global warming - polar ice caps melt - extinction of animals
Increase water level - flooding and destruction of habitats
Rising sea temp - death of marine
Drought
Reasons for maintaining biodiversity
Aesthetic
Economic - medicine, tourists, food
Ecological - organisms depend on each other
Keystone species
Significant role in habitat - interdependence that maintains balance
