Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

biodiversity definition

A

the variety of living organisms in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

species definition

A

a group of similar organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

habitat definition

A

the area that a species lives in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 types of biodiversity?

A

habitat diversity
species diversity
genetic diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can species diversity be further divided into?

A

species richness and species evenness (the relative abundance of each species in an area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which stat test measures diversity?

A

Simpson’s index of diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is n in Simpsons index of diversity?

A

the total number of individuals of one species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is N in Simpsons index of diversity?

A

the total number of organisms of all species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is used to measure genetic diversity?

A

genetic polymorphism (calculating the proportion of polymorphic gene loci)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is polymorphism?

A

when a gene loci has two or more alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is an example of genetic biodiversity?

A

different breeds within a species (e.g. dog breeds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 3 types of non-random sampling?

A

opportunistic
stratified
systematic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the 4 sampling techniques we need to know

A

pitfall traps
pooters
quadrats
sweep nets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the value for Simpsons index of diversity always between and what does this mean?

A

0 and 1
0 = least diverse
1 = most diverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an example of a population in which the genetic diversity may be low?

A

an isolated population e.g. bred in captivity (zoos), rare breeds and pedigree animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting biodiversity

A

human population growth
agriculture (monoculture)
climate change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why is human population growth decreasing global biodiversity?

A

urbanisation
habitat loss
pollution
over-exploitation of resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is monoculture?

A

the growing of a single variety of a single crop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 3 key reasons for maintaining biodiversity?

A

ecological reasons
ethical reasons
aesthetic reasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why is it important to maintain biodiversity for ecological reasons?

A

to protect keystone species and to maintain genetic resources (for food, drink, clothes, drugs etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a keystone species?

A

a species that has a disproportionate effect on its environment relative to its abundance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why is it important to maintain biodiversity for economic reasons?

A

to reduce soil depletion (caused by continuous monoculture) because this leads to increased spending on fertilisers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2 examples of in-situ conservation

A

marine conservation zones
wildlife reserves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 examples of ex-situ conservation

A

botanic gardens
seed banks
zoos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which is often more successful in-situ or ex-situ conservation?

A

in-situ

26
Q

advantages and disadvantages of in-situ conservation

A

advantages
- keep species in natural habitat (less disruptive)
- more successful than ex-situ
- larger populations can be protected

disadvantages
- its difficult to control some factors e.g. predators, poaching, disease

27
Q

the 3 conservation agreements we have to know

A

CITES - convention on international trade in endangered species

CSS - countryside stewardship scheme (UK)

CBD - rio convention on biological diversity

28
Q

why should you randomly sample?

A

to avoid bias

29
Q

phylogeny definition

A

the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms

30
Q

how are classification and phylogeny related?

A

phylogeny is the basis of classification

31
Q

in what scenario do you measure frequency with a frame quadrat?

A

when the plants are too small to count, so you just count the number of squares in which they are present

32
Q

community definition

A

all of the populations of living organisms in a particular habitat

33
Q

niche definition

A

the role an organism plays in a community

34
Q

how can you reduce the effect of chance?

A

by having a large sample size

35
Q

what is gene flow?

A

the transfer of genetic material from one population to another (interbreeding)

36
Q

classification definition

A

the process of placing living things into groups

37
Q

what is taxonomy?

A

the study of classification

38
Q

the binomial naming system

A

Genus + species
e.g. Homo sapiens

39
Q

what is the 3 domain system?

A

archea, bacteria, eukarya

40
Q

what is the 5 kingdom system?

A

protoctista, fungi, Animalia, plantae, prokaryotes

41
Q

what replaced the 5 kingdom system? what changed?

A

the 3 domains system
the prokaryote kingdom was separated into 2 domains: archea and bacteria

42
Q

intraspecific variation

A

variation within a species

43
Q

interspecific variation

A

variation between different species
(inER = difERent)

44
Q

continuous vs discontinuous variation

A

continuous variation is within a range with no distinct categories, discontinuous variation is when there are two or more distinct categories and no intermediates

45
Q

what does standard deviation show?

A

the amount of variation from the mean

46
Q

what does x̄ represent in the standard deviation formula?

A

the mean

47
Q

why do adaptations in organisms develop?

A

because of evolution by natural selection

48
Q

the 3 types of adaptations

A

behavioural
anatomical
physiological

49
Q

example of convergent evolution

A

marsupial moles and placental moles

50
Q

convergent evolution definition

A

when 2 species evolve similar characteristics independently of one another

51
Q

what are selection pressures?

A

factors that create a struggle for survival e.g. predation, disease, competition

52
Q

evidence that supports the theory of evolution (3)

A

molecular evidence (e.g. amino acid sequences)
fossil record evidence
DNA evidence

53
Q

features of Animalia

A

eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic

54
Q

features of prokaryotae

A

prokaryotes (no nucleus), DNA is in loops or naked, no membrane-bound organelles

55
Q

features of fungi

A

eukaryotic, single-celled or multicellular, chitin cell wall, feed by saprotrophic nutrition, multinucleate cytoplasm

56
Q

features of protoctista

A

eukaryotic, mostly single-celled, autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition

57
Q

features of plantae

A

eukaryotic, multicellular, cellulose cell wall, photo autotrophic

58
Q

what evidence led to the introduction of the 3 domain system?

A

molecular evidence
cell membrane evidence

59
Q

the theory of natural selection

A
  • individuals in a population show variation in their phenotypes
  • some survive better in the face of selection pressures due to having advantageous characteristics
  • these individuals reproduce and pass on the alleles for such characteristics
  • over many generations the allele(s) increase in frequency in the population
60
Q

what is student t-test used for?

A

to compare the means of data values of two populations

61
Q

what are some implications of evolution on human populations?

A

pesticide resistance in plants
antibiotic resistance in bacteria

62
Q
A

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions