Biodiversity

Question 1

What is biodiversity

Answer 1

The number and variety of living organisms in an area

Question 2

What is a habitat

Answer 2

The place where an organism lives

Question 3

What is a species

Answer 3

Group of organisms with similar characteristics and potentially able to interbreed to have fertile offspring

Question 4

What is a population

Answer 4

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place at the same time

Question 5

What is a community

Answer 5

All of the organisms of all the different species in a habitat living and interacting with each other

Question 6

What is an ecosystem

Answer 6

A system made up of all the organisms and the environment in which they live and interact

Question 7

What is habitat biodiversity

Answer 7

The number of different habitats in an area

Question 8

What is species biodiversity

Answer 8

The number of different species and abundance of each species in an area

Question 9

What is genetic biodiversity

Answer 9

The variation of alleles within a population of a species

Question 10

Why does increased habitat biodiversity increase species biodiversity

Answer 10

Range of habitats provides greater range of physical, chemical and biotic conditions and a more stable and established environment

Question 11

When is genetic diversity low

Answer 11

When populations are small and isolated

Question 12

What is endemism

Answer 12

When a species is unique to a single place eg the giant tortoise is endemic to the Galapagos Islands

Question 13

What is species richness

Answer 13

The number of different species in an area

Question 14

What is species evenness

Answer 14

The relative abundance of each species (high when populations have similar abundance)

Question 15

How is random sampling used to measure abundance

Answer 15

Choose suitable quadrat size, place quadrats at random coordinates, identify species and measure abundance, estimate total using mean

Question 16

How is systematic sampling used to measure abundance

Answer 16

Put tape measure across habitat and record all the species touching the line or use quadrats to record species at equal intervals up the line

Question 17

Index of diversity equation with what the letters represent

Answer 17

D=N(N-1)/E n(n-1)
E=sum of(total)
N=total number of organisms of all species
n=total number of organisms of a particular species

Question 18

What does a low value for D mean

Answer 18

Habitat low in species so a small change to the environment would have a serious impact

Question 19

What does a high value for D mean

Answer 19

Habitat diverse and species rich and able to withstand some environmental impact

Question 20

Equation for heterozygosity index

Answer 20

Heterozygosity index(H) =number of heterozygotes/number of individuals in population
-the greater the proportion of heterozygotes the more genetic biodiversity