biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is biodiversity

A

the variety of living organisms in an area

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2
Q

what is species diversity

A

the number of different species and the abundance of each species in an area

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3
Q

what are 3 types of non ransom sampling

A

systematic- samples taken at fixed intervals

opportunistic- samples are chosen by investigators

stratified- different areas in a habitat are identified and are sample separately in proportion to their part of the habitat as a whole

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4
Q

what is species richness

A

the number of different species in an area

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5
Q

what is species evenness

A

relative abundance of each species in an area

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6
Q

how is diversity measured

A

simpson a index

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7
Q

what is genetic diversity

A

the variation of alleles within a species

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8
Q

what is used to measure genetic diversity

A

proportion of polymorphic gene loci= number of polymorphic gene loci divided by total number of loci

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9
Q

what are 3 factor that affect global biodiversity

A

human population growth
increases use of monoculture in agriculture
climate change

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10
Q

why does human pop affect diversity

A

habitat loss due to human development

over exploitation as greater demand for resources and food

urbanisation which isolate species

pollution which can kill species or destroy habitats

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11
Q

what are the ecological reasons for maintains biodiversity

A

to protect keystone species and affecting food chains

to maintain genetic resources as they provide us with food and drink and clothes and drugs and fuels

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12
Q

what are the economic reasons for conserving biodiversity

A

to reduce soil depletion
continuous monoculture causes soil depletion as it uses the same nutrients every time and they are slowly used up meaning increased spending if fertilisers and decrease yield in long run

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13
Q

aesthetic reasons to maintain biodiversity

A

attractive landscapes that ppl enjoy
and more diversity means more visitors the area can attract

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14
Q

what is in situ conservation

A

keeps species in their natural habitats

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15
Q

what can in situ conservation consist of

A

establishing protected areas such as national parks and wildlife reserves

controlling new species that can threaten the old species

preventing urban and industrial development

protecting the habitat

promoting habitats and giving legal protections

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16
Q

what is ex situ conservation

A

reliving species from the natural habitats and placing them in secure locations

17
Q

what does ex situ conservation consist of

A

relocating to a safer area
breeding organisms in captivity and reintroducing them to the wild

botanic gardens and seed banks

18
Q

what are 2 examples of international cooperation for species conservation

A

Rio convention

CITES agreement

19
Q

what is an example of local conservation agreements

A

the countryside stewardship scheme (CSS)

20
Q

what causes reduction in genetic diversity

A

captive breeding in zoos

genetic bottleneck- only small number of a population survive an event which reduces gene pool

founders effect- small number of individuals from a population colonise a new isolated area