biodiversity

Question 1

define biodiversity

Answer 1

measure of variety of life in an area

Question 2

define species diversity

Answer 2

no of species and no of individuals within each species in a community

Question 3

define a species

Answer 3

all organisms that are capable of breeding together to produce living, fertile offspring

Question 4

define genetic diversity

Answer 4

measure of all the genes possessed by the individuals in a population or whole species

Question 5

what does courtship allow individuals to do?

Answer 5

recognise members of own species
identify mate capable of breeding 
form a pair bond 
synchronise mating 
become able to breed

Question 6

what is artificial classification?

Answer 6

divides organisms based on differences useful at time

eg colour, number of legs, size which are all ANALOGOUS CHARACTERISTICS

Question 7

what are analogous characteristics?

Answer 7

same function BUT different evolutionary origin

eg - butterfly and bird wings both for flight but originated in different ways

Question 8

3 factors of phylogenetic classification

Answer 8

• based on evolutionary relationships between organisms + ancestors
• classifies species into gps using shared features from ancestors
• arranges groups into a hierarchy

Question 9

what is a hierarchy?

Answer 9

systematic organisation of organisms into levels based on complexity - NO OVERLAP

Question 10

what are homologous characteristics?

Answer 10

similar evolutionary origins regardless of their functions in adult of species

Question 11

mnemonic for classification

Answer 11

delicious king prawn curry or fat greasy sausages

Question 12

3 parts of Domain

Answer 12

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

Question 13

features of bacteria

Answer 13

no membrane bound organelles 
unicellular 
70s ribosomes 
MUREIN cell wall 
no HISTONES

Question 14

features of archaea

Answer 14

no MUREIN in cell walls

more complex rna polymerase than bacteria

Question 15

features of eukarya

Answer 15

cells posses membrane bound organelles
not all have cells with cell walls
80s ribosomes

Question 16

define ecosystem diversity

Answer 16

range of different habitats from a small local habitat to whole earth

Question 17

define species richness

Answer 17

number of different species in a particular area at a given time

Question 18

farming practices that reduce species diversity

Answer 18

removal of hedgerows
creating monocultures
filling in ponds + draining marsh
over grazing land

Question 19

farming practices with indirect effect on species diversity

Answer 19

pesticides
inorganic fertilisers
absence of crop rotation

Question 20

examples of conservation practices

Answer 20

maintain existing hedgerows (A shape)
plant hedgerows as field boundaries 
maintain existing ponds
plant native trees in lands of low species diversity 
reduce use of pesticides 
create natural meadows
leave cutting of verges til seeds dispersed
conservation headlands

Question 21

give three ways of investigating diversity

Answer 21

compare observable characteristics
compare DNA base sequences
compare mRNA base sequences

Question 22

limitation of comparing observable characteristics to investigate diversity

Answer 22

large number of characteristics coded for by more than one gene POLYGENIC

characteristics can be modified by the environment

Question 23

how can comparison of base sequences help investigate diversity?

Answer 23

use gene technology
determine order of nucleotide bases
each base tagged w/ different dye

due to MUTATION - sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA of new species will change — over time the new species will accumulate more differences in DNA

Question 24

define interspecific variation

Answer 24

one species differs from another

Question 25

define intraspecific variation

Answer 25

members of same species differ from each other

Question 26

ways of minimising effect of chance on sampling

Answer 26

use larger sample size

analysis of data with statistical tests