BIOCHEMISTRY OF CANCER L12

Question 1

What is Cancer?

Answer 1

Uncontrolled Growth

Question 2

What type of cancer arise from epithelial cells?

Answer 2

Carcinomas

Question 3

What type of cancer originate from connective tissue, muscle, cartilage, fat or bone?

Answer 3

Sarcomas

Question 4

What type of cancer is derived from cells that are required for formation of blood?

Answer 4

Leukemias & Lymphomas

Question 5

If pRB is absent, what regulation is lost?

Answer 5

E2F

Question 6

If E2F if lost, what can happen?

Answer 6

Cell growth is abnormal

Tumor will develop in eye

Question 7

What is p53?

Answer 7

Tumor supressor protein

In G1/S phase

Question 8

What can happen if p53 is not functional?

Answer 8

p21 is NOT induced therefore cell cycle is NOT halted in G1 phase and cells replicate the damaged DNA

Question 9

Define Apoptosis

Answer 9

Programmed Cell Death

Question 10

What gene causes retinoblastoma?

Answer 10

RB

Question 11

What gene is involved with sarcomas and carcinomas?

Answer 11

p53

Question 12

What gene is involved with Neuroblastoma?

Answer 12

NF1

Question 13

What gene is involved with the colon and stomach?

Answer 13

APC

Question 14

What gene is involved with Breast Cancer?

Answer 14

BRCA 1

Question 15

What is an oncogene?

Answer 15

Mutated copies of cellular genes linked with various cancers

Question 16

What is RAS?

Answer 16

Protein that is a member of a class of cytoplasmic signaling molecules

Question 17

What two transcription factors are needed to form a heterodimer prior to DNA?

Answer 17

Fos and Jun

Question 18

What are the 6 capabilities that human tumors share?

Answer 18

1. Self sufficiency in growth signals
2. Insensitivity to anti-growth signals
3. Evasion of apoptosis
4. Limitless replicative potential
5. Sustained angiogenesis
6. Metastasis (Spreading)