Biochemistry Chapter 4: Carbohydrate Structure and Function Flashcards
What are 3 carbon sugars called?
trioses
What are 4 carbon sugars called tetroses?
tetroses
What are sugars with aldehydes as their most oxidized group?
aldoses
What are sugars with ketones as their most oxidized group?
ketoses
How can you tell if glucose is in D- or L- form?
Sugars with the highest numbered chiral carbon with the OH on the right are D-
—- OH on the left are L- forms
What are diastereomers?
nonsuperimposable configurations of molecules with similar connectivity. Differ at at least 1, but not all-chiral carbons
What are epimers?
subtype of diastereomer that differ at exactly one chiral carbon
What are anomers?
subtype of epimer that differ at the anomeric carbon
What is the anomeric carbon?
New chiral center formed in ring closure; it was the carbon containing the carbonyl in the straight-chain form.
What are alpha-anomers?
Have the OH on the anomeric carbon trans to the free CH2OH group
What are the beta-anomers?
-OH on the anomeric carbon is cis to the free CH2OH group
What are hawthorne projections?
Represent 3D structure.
What is mutarotation?
When cyclic compounds shift from one anomeric form to another with the straight-chain form as an intermediate.
What types of reactions can monosaccharides undergo?
oxidation-reduction, esterification and glycoside formation
What can aldoses be oxidized and reduced to?
Ox: aldonic acids
Red: Alditols
