Biochemistry - Carbohydrates

Question 1

What elements make up a carbohydrate?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

Question 2

What is the empirical/general formula for a Carbohydrate

Answer 2

C{n}H{2n}O{n}

Question 3

What are the three functions of a Carbohydrate?

Answer 3

• quick energy source
• structural role
• cell-to-cell recognition

Question 4

VOCAB: Monosaccharides

Answer 4

the monomer of carbohydrate, simple carb

Question 5

What is a monosaccharide with six carbons called?

Answer 5

hexose

Question 6

What is Glucose?

Answer 6

hexose - 6-carbons - monosaccharide

Question 7

What’s the difference between Glucose and Galactose?

Answer 7

tho OH and H branches are fliped

Question 8

VOCAB: Disaccharides

Answer 8

2 monomers join via a covalent bond

Question 9

What are the covalent bonds between monosaccharides called?

Answer 9

glycosidic bonds

Question 10

What are the monomers for Carbohydrates called?

Answer 10

Monosaccharides

Question 11

What is glucose + glucose

Answer 11

maltose

Question 12

What is glucose + fructose

Answer 12

sucrose

Question 13

What is glucose + galactose

Answer 13

lactose

Question 14

VOCAB: Polysaccharides

Answer 14

complex carbs, large polymers, long strands of monomers

Question 15

What are the three types of Carbohydrates?

Answer 15

Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose

Question 16

VOCAB: Glycogen

Answer 16

• animal polysaccharide
• polymer of glucose
• animal stored in muscles and liver
• highly branched
• back up energy

Question 17

VOCAB: Starch

Answer 17

• plant polysaccharide
• polymer of glucose
• plants stored energy
• doesn’t branch as much as glycogen
• slightly branched

Question 18

VOCAB: Cellulose

Answer 18

• found in plants - cell wall structure
• most prevalent polysaccharide on Earth
• molecule is unbranched
• fibre
• humans can’t digest it

Question 19

Why is fibre important to humans?

Answer 19

• scrubs intestine
• feed ecoli (classification of bacteria)
  
  • creates vitamin K