Biochemistry (Blue) Flashcards
Which of the following presents a cyclic sugar structure? A. Fischer projection B. Haworth projection C. chair conformation D. boat conformation
B. Haworth projection
Lard is an example of what chemical class of lipid?
fixed oils and fats
The overall arrangement and interrelationship of various regions or domains, and individual amino acid residues of a single polypeptide chain is ___________.
Tertiary
The enzyme with its cofactor is generally known as
holoenzyme
The citric acid cycle is an example of a/an ____________ metabolism.
amphibolic
What is the visible result of Molisch’s test?
purple ring at the junction
What is the deficiency state of folic acid?
megaloblastic anemia
Certain metals and trace elements are important as enzyme cofactors. What metal is present in the enzyme glutathione peroxidase that replaces S in one cysteine active site?
Se
The only sugar readily forms insoluble aszone crystals
Mannose
The phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate forms the potent secondary messengers inositol triphosphate & diacylglycerol via what enzyme? A. Phospholipase A B. Phospholipase C C. Phospholipase D D. Phospholipase B
B. Phospholipase C
Protein, amino acids are joined covalently by: A. hydrogen bond B. peptide bond C. oxygen bond D. disulfide bond
B. peptide bond
Proteins digest in starts in the
stomach
The site of citric acid cycle
mitochondria
The formation of purple ring at the junction of the acid and sugar layers in the Molisch’s test detects the presence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. lipids D. nucleic acids
A. carbohydrates
This enzyme catalyzes the conversion fructose-6-P to fructose-1,6-bis-P
A. hexokinase
B. pyruvate kinase
C. PFK
D. glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
C. phosphofructokinase
This is the base sequence for the start codon A. UAG B. UGA C. AUG D. UAA
C. AUG
Which of the major serum proteins is involved in protein binding of drugs? A. alpha-1 acid glycoprotein B. lipoprotein C. albumin D. beta-1 acid glycoprotein
C. albumin
Which of the following is/are true about lysozyme?
I. It is generally known as the power house of the cell.
II.It helps in the removal of damaged cell
III. It contains a bactericidal agent such as lysozyme that kills bacteria before it
damages the cell.
II & III
Reverse transcription takes place in
virus
This test is used to identify the presence of peptide linkages
Biuret
Fruity odor of the urine is indicative of ketone bodies, a diagnostic value in case of acidosis in
diabetes mellitus
Which of the following should be classified as a disaccharide? A. ribose B. lactose C. glycoprotein D. glycosaminoglycans
B. lactose
A reddish solution results after the addition to iodine TS to an unknown solution. Subsequent addition of ammoniacal basic lead acetate to a portion of the unknown solution results to the formation of a precipitate. The results of the tests confirm the presence of
glycogen
This is the only optically inactive amino acid A. methionine B. Lysine C. Citrulline D. glycine
D. glycine
The following are the components of DNA nucleosides except A. phosphoric acid B. sugar C. adenine D. cytosine
A. phosphoric acid
The OH group on the penultimate or second to the last carbon atom determines
D(dextro) or L(levo), dextro pointing to the right and levo pointing to the left
The secondary structure of protein consist of
I. alpha helix
II. Beta sheet
III. Beta bend
I. alpha helix
II. Beta sheet
III. Beta bend
Beta oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the A. Cytosol B. Mitochondria C. Endoplasmic reticulum D. Ribosomes
B. Mitochondria
Rotation of polarized light is caused by the solution of all the following amino acids except A. alanine B. glycine C. leucine D. valine
B. glycine
A purine replaces another purine in ___________ mutations.
transitional
This rare human disorder, which progresses to photosensitivity, caused by an inherited excinuclease deficiency.
xeroderma pigmentosa
This is known as the Embden-Meyerhof pathway
Glycolysis
The cholesterol molecule is_______
a steroid
Which of the following is/are example/s of essential amino acids? A. tyrosine B. threonine C. tryptophan D. Both a and b E. both b and c
E. both b and c
This is also known as the RNA-directed DNA polymerase A. RNA polymerase II B. Reverse transcriptase C. DNA polymerase alpha D. DNA polymerase II
B. Reverse transcriptase
This is the phenomena of renaturation of nucleic acid after it has been subjected to high then to room temperature A. Hydrolysis B. Polymerase chain reaction C. annealing D. hybridization
C. annealing
This type of mutation occurs when the codon containing the changed base may become a termination codon
nonsense mutation
ID test to detect the presence of glycogen
Iodine
The result of a point mutation that occurs when UCA (coding for serine) is converted to UCU (also coding for serine) is called
silent mutation
Albumin is an example of a
simple protein
The clinical test for the determination of cholesterol
Liebermann Burchard
Salkowski
Process of converting liver glycogen into blood glucose
glycogenolysis
The enzyme for glycolysis are found in the
cytosol
This is the final electron receptor of the electron transport chain A. Complex I B. Complex II C. Complex V D. Complex IV
D. Complex IV
This enzyme adds hydrogen atoms to a molecule
reductase
None- protein molecules that are often associated with proteins called
prosthetic group
It is the building block of essential fatty acids A. Malonyl CoA B. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate C. Acetyl CoA D. HMG CoA
C. Acetyl CoA
Which of the following are the branched-chain amino acids responsible for the characteristic “sweet smell of the urine of patients with “Maple syrup urine disease”
leucine, isoleucine and valine
The proteinase that is found mostly in the gastric acid juice of young animals
Chymosin (rennin)
Alpha-naphtol reaction is also known as A. Molisch’s test B. Ninhydrin test C. Phenylhydrazine test D. Fehling’s test
A. Molisch’s test
Tertiary structures of proteins are primarily stabilized by? I. H-bonds II. Hydrophobic interactions III. Ionic bonds IV. Disulfide bonds
II. Hydrophobic interactions
IV. Disulfide bonds
Which of the following causes hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency?
I. oxidant ring
II. Ingestion of fava beans
III. Certain types of infections
I, II & III
mong the different cells in the body, only these lack mitochondria which renders them incapable of TCA. A. platelets B. leukocytes C. erythrocytes D. brain cells
C. erythrocytes
Genetic information is stored and carried in all cells by
double stranded DNA
The parent compound of phospholipids
phosphatidic acid
Which of the following is not about PKU?
A. It is a disease usually characterized by metal abnormalities
B. A high concentration of phenylpyruvic acid is found in the urine
C. It occurs due to excessive secretion of phylalanine hydroxylase enzyme
D. A Guthrie test is normally used to detect it
C. It occurs due to excessive secretion of phylalanine hydroxylase enzyme
Some serum enzymes are used in clinical diagnosis. Which of the following enzyme/s may be used to diagnose myocardial infarction? I. gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase II. AST or SGOT III. Creatine phosphokinase IV. Lactate dehydrogenase
II. AST or SGOT
III. Creatine phosphokinase
IV. Lactate dehydrogenase
Specific test for arginine
Sakaguchi
One way of classifying proteins through their physical properties. Which of the following is soluble in water and salt solutions, and has no distinctive amino acids? A. prolamine B. globulin C. albumin D. histones
C. albumin
Which of the following is not true regarding the four enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain?
A. Complex I is known as the NADH-CoQ Oxidoreductases
B. Complex II is known as Succinate-CoQ Oxidoreductases
C. Complex III is known as Cytochrome Oxidase
D. Complex IV is known as Cytochrome Oxidase
C. Complex III is known as Cytochrome Oxidase
The pairs of structure that are mirror images of each other are known as
Enantiomers
Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the________
cytoplasm
Arrange the following secondary derived proteins from highest to lowest molecular weight. A. peptides>peptones>proteoses B. proteoses>peptides>peptones C. proteoses>peptones>peptides D. peptones>proteoses>peptides
C. proteoses>peptones>peptides
Viruses are not cellular, but are rather termed as “biological entities”. The main reason why viruses are considered acellular entities is because?
A. A virus contains only one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA
B. A virus is very small compared to bacteria
C. A virus is pathogenic
D. Scientist can not classify viruses under the 5 kingdoms Whittaker
A. A virus contains only one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA
These are discontinuous stretches in which the lagging strand is initially synthesized during DNA replication.
Okazaki fragments
The small and circular extrachromosomal DNA molecules that carry genetic information for future generations in bacteria are known as
plasmids
Which of the following sugars form insoluble phenylhydrazone readily? A. sucrose B. galactose C. arabinose D. mannose
D. mannose
The best known building blocks of RNA and DNA are A. purinase
B. pyrimidines
C. fatty acids
D. a and b
A. purinase
B. pyrimidines
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is present only in the DNA?
Thymine
α-helix and β-pleated sheet belongs to what structure?
Secondary
Which of the following is NOT a hydrolyzed product of lecithins? A. fatty acid B. glycerol C. phosphoric acid D. sphingosine
D. sphingosine
Rotation of polarized light is caused by solutions of all the following amino acids except: A. alanine B. glycine C. leucine D. valine
B. glycine
Mutarotation is a process of interconversion between tha alpha and beta forms, using the open-chain structure as an intermediate. Which of the following undergoes mutarotation? A. monosaccharides B. disaccharides C. polysaccharide D. amino acids
A. monosaccharides
The chief end product of purine metabolism in man
uric acid
The isoelctric point is the:
A. pH where the alpha amino acid exist in its negatively charged form
B. pH wherein the amino acid exist in zwitterionic form
C. Temperature at which the amino acid denatures
D. Pressure at which the amino acid hydrolyzes
B. pH wherein the amino acid exist in zwitterionic form
Which of the following is called transamination?
A. Conversion of amino acids to hydroxyl groups
B. Conversion of amino acids to keto acids
C. Loss of ammonia from amino acids
D. Formation of ammonium salts from ammonia
B. Conversion of amino acids to keto acids
Which of the following amino acids contain/s basic side chains? A. Histidine B. arginine C. leucine D. All of the above E. only a and b
E. only a and b
Which of the following enzymes is most important in controlling glycolysis?
PFK
The observance of a red colored solution in Seliwanoff’s test detects the presence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Aldoses B. Ketohexoses C. Pentoses D. Saccharides
B. Ketohexoses
Which of the following statement is true when fats and fixed oils are heated strongly?
A. fats liquefy
B. oils becomes less viscous
C. decomposition occurs accompanied by the production of acrid flammable vapors
D. any of the above
C. decomposition occurs accompanied by the production of acrid flammable vapors
This is differentiating test for aldose and ketose sugars.
Seliwanoff’s test
Which of the following statements is/are true?
A. Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids
B. Vegetable oils are generally liquid
C. Vegetable oils are generally solid
D. Both a and b
E. Both b and c
E. Both b and c
This feature of bacterial cells confers selectivity of antibacterial agents targeting protein synthesis to the bacteria and not to the host cell. A. mRNA B. 40s ribosomal subunit C. lack of cell wall D. 30s ribosomal subunit
D. 30s ribosomal subunit
This refers to the spatial arrangements of amino acid residues close to one another in the linear sequence of a polypeptide chain.
secondary
Which carbon in the sugars is responsible for the difference between the two nucleic acids? A. carbon-1 B. carbon-2 C. carbon-3 D. none of the above
B. carbon-2
These stereoisomers are nonsuperimposable mirror image of each other. They are also called optical isomers because they rotate polarized light in opposite directions.
enantiomers
The number of chromosomes in the human cell is
46
This DNA mutation occurs when a purine replaces a pyrimidine or vice versa
transversional
Nucleosides upon hydrolysis will yield A. adenine + phosphate B. quinine + phosphate C. histones + ribose D. cytosine + ribose
D. cytosine + ribose
What important neurotransmitter uses tryptophan as its precursor?
serotonin
In humans, the principle storage of glycogen is found in the
I. skeletal muscle
II. Liver
III. Spleen
I. skeletal muscle
II. Liver
The arrangement of polypeptide chains in relation to one another in a multi-chained protein refers to what structure?
Quaternary
Which of the following is NOT recommended to treat hypoglycemia induced by acarbose? A. dextrose B. table sugar C. glucagon D. glucose
B. table sugar
Which of the following acts synergistically with Vitamin E?
A. Se C. Co
B. Co D.Mn
A. Se
How many ATPs are produced for every oxidized acetyl CoA?
12
This is a general test for carbohydrates
- alpha-napthol reaction
- Molisch’s test
This is a quantitative study of the energy transformationsin the living cell A. Bioenergetics B. Thermodynamics C. Proteonomics D. Metabolomics
A. Bioenergetics
Which of the following agents acts as an emulsifying agent for metabolism of lipid in the duodenum? A. gastric lipase B. bile salt C. pancreatic juice D. secretion
B. bile salt
It is regarded as the universal biological energy currency A. Adenosine triphosphate B. Guanosine triphosphate C. Uncouplers D. Calories
A. Adenosine triphosphate
This is caused by the inadequate intake of protein in the presence of adequate intake of calories.
Kwashoirkor
Which of the fallowing statements about amino acids is true?
A .Acidic amino acids bear a positive charge at pH 7.0
B. all amino acids have chiral carbon.
C. lysine and arginine are basic amino acids.
D. all of the above.
C. lysine and arginine are basic amino acids.
The cell markers which serve as basis for he ABO blood types are classified as what type of biopolymers?
carbohydrates
D-threose and L-threose are examples of
enantiomers
These are lipids that contain carbohydrate ( galactose or glucose), one fatty acid and sphingosine, but no phosphoric acid and glycerol.
cerebrosides
mportant structural material found in the exoskeletons of many lower animals
Chitin
The most accepted hypothesis regarding oxidative phosphorylation is A. Chemical coupling B. Conformational coupling C. Chemiostatic hypothesis D. Lock and Key Theory E. Diffusion
C. Chemiostatic hypothesis
This test distinguishes between reducing sugar monosaccharides and reducing disaccharides based on the difference in the rate of reaction. A. Barfoed’s test B. Benedict’s test C. Osazone test D. Mucic acid test
A. Barfoed’s test
Trimetophrim and Methotrexate are folate reductase inhibitors. The use of the aforementioned drugs predisposes a person to develop:
megaloblastic anemia
Ninhydrin is widely used for detecting amino acids. What is the visible result for ninhydrin test in the presence of proline and hydroxyproline?
Yellow
This is the product of basic hydrolysis of fats and oils A. fatty acid B. triacylglycerol C. soap D. detergent
C. soap
IUPAC name of “acrolein”
propenal
Biuret test forms \_\_\_\_\_\_ colored complex with cupric ion in basic solutions of compounds with 2 or more peptide bonds. A. green B. red C. violet D. yellow
C. violet
Which of the following amino acids possess a phenolic hydroxyl group? A. serine B. threonine C. tyrosine D. A and B only E. All of the above
C. tyrosine
Which of the following is/are example/s of catabolism? A. glycogenesis B. glycolysis C. beta oxidation of fatty acids D. both a and b E. both b and c
E. both b and c
In all phosphorylation reaction, this metal is an essential cofactor.
Mg
Which of the following are essential fatty acids in humans?
I. Linoleic acid
II. Linoleic acid
III. Arachidonic acid
I. Linoleic acid
II. Linoleic acid
III. Arachidonic acid
The group of lipids is considered amphipathic A. sterols B. fatty acids C. trans-fatty acids D. phospholipids
D. phospholipids
Using equation of pI, calculate the pI( isoelctric pH) of alanine. pK1(R-COOH)= 2.35;pK2 (R-NH3+)=9.69
6.02
Which of the following blood types is considered as the universal donor?
O
Principal digestive constituent of the gastric juice
Pepsin
