Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells Flashcards
How do the molecules that play a role in living cells compare to those encountered in organic chemistry?
a. They are the same, just operating in a different context.
b. Biological molecules are organic molecules, but the similarity ends there.
c. Biological molecules aren’t similar to organic molecules at all.
d. Biology isn’t based on molecules at all, but a “vital force”.
a
Which of the following shows the correct order from most simple to most complex:
a. atom, molecule, organelle, macromolecule
b. molecule, atom, macromolecule, organelle
c. tissue, cell, organ
d. atom, macromolecule, tissue, organ
d
Which of the following best defines organic chemistry?
a. The study of compounds contained in organisms.
b. The study of compounds containing organs.
c. The study of compounds containing carbon and hydrogen and their derivatives.
d. The study of compounds containing elements other than carbon.
c
Which of the following is NOT one of the primary simple molecules that scientists believe must have ultimately led to
creating living things?
a. ammonia
b. carbon dioxide
c. hydrogen
d. simple carbohydrates
d
Which of the following was part of the vital force theory?
a. The compounds found in living things are just like those found in the non-living world.
b. The compounds found in living things are interesting, but can easily be produced in the laboratory.
c. The compounds found in living things can not be produced in the laboratory.
c
The synthesis of urea from ammonium cyanate.
a. was a critical component of the Miller-Urey experiment.
b. requires a protein as a catalyst.
c. helped dispel the vital force theory.
d. supported the vital force theory.
c
Which of the following is NOT a Functional Group
a. Amino group
b. Protein
c. Alcohol group
d. Carbonyl group
b
- Which of the following functional groups is specific to an alcohol?
a. -NH
b. -OH
c. -C=O
d. C=C
e. O-P
b
Which of the following functional groups are not commonly seen in biomolecules?
a. Alkyl halides
b. Amides
c. Carboxylic acids
d. Ethers
e. Phosphate esters
a
Which of the following statements regarding biomolecules is false?
a. They contain predominantly ionic bonds.
b. They contain predominantly nonmetallic elements.
c. Carbon is the key element.
d. Specific stereoisomers are essential in most cases.
a
All of the following bonds are important in biomolecules, except:
a. C−Cl
b. C−H
c. C−N
d. O−H
e. O−P
a
Which of the following statements regarding biopolymers is false?
a. Different sequences of the monomers can lead to different functions.
b. Only soluble polymers can be created from soluble monomers.
c. A wide, almost uncountable variety of polymers can be created from just a few monomers.
d. Different linkages between the monomers can lead to different functions.
e. Biopolymers can fold up into complex shapes.
b
Which statement is not correct about peptide nucleic acids, PNA?
a. They are combinations of peptides and nucleic acids.
b. Scientists create them to study the origins of life
c. They were proven to be the first hereditary molecule.
d. They may combine the catalytic properties of proteins with the information transfer ability of nucleic acid
e. All of these statements apply to PNA.
c
According to the big bang theory of the creation of the universe,
a. the universe has been getting cooler since its beginning
b. the initial explosion caused the creation of all of the elements of the periodic table
c. carbon is the most abundant element in the universe
d. the earth could be no older than 1 billion years
a
In its earliest stages, which atoms were present in the universe?
a. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
b. hydrogen, helium, and lithium
c. nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous
d. uranium, polonium, and radium
e. helium, neon, and argon
b
How are the majority of elements thought to have been formed?
a. By thermonuclear reactions that normally take place in stars.
b. In explosions of stars.
c. By the action of cosmic rays outside the stars since the formation of the galaxy.
d. All of the choices are true
e. None of the choices; all the elements were present from the initial Big Bang.
d
What is the chemical formula for ozone?
a. O2
b. O3
c. NH3
d. H2S
e. CH4
b
It is generally believed that the following gas was missing in the primordial atmosphere:
a. H2
b. CO2
c. CH4
d. NH3
e. O2
e
A catalyst
a. increases the rate of a chemical reaction
b. increases the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction
c. decreases the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction
d. none of the choices
a
The genetic coding material is
a. protein
b. DNA
c. polysaccharide
d. lipid
b
The presence of two anhydride linkages is an important feature of
a. ATP
b. proteins
c. glucose
d. carbon monoxide
a
Which of the following best describes the results of the Miller-Urey experiment?
a. It proved that DNA is the genetic material.
b. It produced proteins under conditions simulating the early Earth.
c. It created living cells from non-living materials.
d. It produced some simple organic compounds from a mixture of gases presumed to have existed in the early
atmosphere.
e. All of these results of the Miller-Urey experiment.
d
The idea that a coding system and a catalysis system came about separately and then combined to form life as we
know it is known as
a. the origin of life
b. the big bang theory
c. the double origen theory
d. the theory of evolution
c
The genetic code
a. determines the order of sugars in a polysaccharide
b. has no effect on the sequence of amino acids in proteins
c. is the means by which the “blueprint” for living organisms is passed from one generation to the next
d. cannot be understood by currently available experimental methods
c
Biological catalysts are
a. proteins exclusively
b. RNA exclusively
c. DNA exclusively
d. some proteins and some RNA
d
The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the existence of _____ in eukaryotes.
a. the nucleus
b. ribosomes
c. DNA
d. RNA
e. cell walls
a
All of the following features are common to all living organisms, except:
a. Biomolecules
b. Metabolic pathways
c. Cellular structures
d. DNA sequences
e. RNA molecules
c
All eukaryotic organisms
a. are multicellular
b. have a nucleus
c. have chloroplasts
d. have a cell wall
b
Cell membranes
a. are found in plants, but not in animals
b. consist mainly of sugars
c. do not allow transport into or out of the cell
d. separate the cell from the outside world
d
Which of the following is not a subcellular organelle?
a. nucleus
b. mitochondrion
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. cytoskeleton
d
Energy-yielding oxidation reactions take place in eukaryotic
a. nuclei.
b. ribosomes.
c. mitochondria.
d. endoplasmic reticula.
e. cell walls.
c
