Biochemistry (Amino Acid) Flashcards
Polymers of amino acids are linked by what ?
Peptide bonds
What is the paramount importance in biological systems which also play a major structural and functional aspects of the body ?
Proteins
There are 300 amino acids in nature.How many amino acids are in the human body.
20 amino acids
Most amino acids are alpha @ expect which one
Proline is not alpha
What are alpha amino acids
These are amino acids whose amino group is attached to the same carbon atom to which the carboxyl group is attached.
How are amino acids classified?
Amino acids are classified based on:
. Based on Structure
.Based on side chains(polarity)
.Based on the metabolism
.Based on the nutritional requirements
Outline all the 20 standard amino acids .
Glycine, Alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine,Threonine, cysteine, methionine, Asparagine, Glutamine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, phenylalanine, tryrosine, tryptophan, Histidine, proline (imino acid)
Based on Structure give examples of Aliphatic amino acids classifying them either simple amino acids or the ones with branched chains
Simple Aliphatic amino acids: Glycine and Alanine.
Branched: valine, leucine and isoleucine.
Mnemonic:(GAVLI)
Based on Structure give examples of sulfur containg amino acids.
Cysteine and methionine
Based on Structure give examples of hydroxyl containing amino acids.
Serine and Threonine
Based on Structure give examples of amino acids with amide group.
Glutamine and Asparagine
Based on Structure give examples of amino dicarboxylic acids ,(acidic amino acids,)
Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid
Based on Structure give examples of basic amino acids ( Dibasic mono carboxylic acids)
Lysine and arginine
Give examples of Aromatic amino acids ( based on Structure)
Phenylalanine and tyrosine
There is also heterocyclic amino acids classified according to structure give examples
Tryptophan and Histidine
Give an example of an imino acid
Proline ( pyrrolidine group)
Based on polarity (side chains) how are they classified.
We have :
Non polar side chains eg Alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, proline, Tryptophan and phenylalanine (all Aliphatic amino acids expect glycine, sulfur containg amino acids, tryptophan from heterocyclic amino acids, phenylalanine from aromatic amino acids and proline from imino amino acids are non polar amino acids)
2. Polar amino acids without charge(uncharged or non- ionic polar chains) e .g Glycine, serine, Threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, Glutamine and Asparagine ( all amino acids with amide group, all those which contains hydroxyl group, cysteine and Glycine are polar amino acids without charge)
3.charged or ionic polar side chains eg
Acidic: Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid
Basic: lysine, Arginine and Histidine
Classification based on metabolism what are purely ketogenic and give an example of one.
These they are converted to ketones bodies eg Leucine.
Based on metabolism how are amino acids classified.
They are classified as follows
1. Purely ketogenic
2.Both Ketogenic and glycogenic
3.purely glycogenic
Give examples of amino acids with can be classified as both ketogenic and glycogenic.
Lysine , isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryrosine and tryptophan
Give examples of purely glycogenic
Alanine , valine, Glycine,serine, Threonine, cysteine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Histidine and Arginine
Based on nutritional requirements we have essential amino acids which are not synthesized by the body what is the other name of these acids and give examples
Other name: indispensable eg isoleucine, Threonine, lysine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophan.
Based on nutritional value what are semi amino acids and give examples.
These are partially important amino acids which can be synthesized by Alduts but not growing children eg Histidine and Arginine
Non essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body ( there is no need to be consumed in the diet give examples of these
Glycine, Alanine, serine, cysteine, Aspartate, Asparagine, Glutamate, Glutamine, proline and tyrosine.
