Biochemistry

Question 1

what 4 things is your body made up of?

Answer 1

hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen

Question 2

what is the carboxyl group?

Answer 2

carbon double bonded to both an oxygen and hydrogen

Question 3

what are the types of nucleic acids?

Answer 3

DNA and RNA

Question 4

what is the carbonyl group?

Answer 4

carbon linked by double bonded to an oxygen

Question 5

What is dehydration reaction w/ fats?

Answer 5

it links three fatty acids to one glycerol to make a triglyceride (a complete fat molecule)
PURPOSE: BODY’S LONG TERM ENERGY STORAGE

Question 6

Denaturing Enzymes

Answer 6

Enzymes need to be very specific shape to function properly

High heat, acids, bases, alcohol, heavy metals, and other chemicals all ALTER the shape of enzymes

Question 7

what is the hydroxyl group?

Answer 7

hydrogen bonded to oxygen

Question 8

what is polymer

Answer 8

the entire macromolecule

Question 9

What is the primary function of lipids?

Answer 9

Long term energy storage

Lipids are unhealthy in large amounts

Question 10

What are amino acids?

Answer 10

the MONOMER building blocks

Question 11

What are amino acid monomers linked together by?

Answer 11

peptide bonds

Question 12

what are the 4 main classes of biological macromolecules

Answer 12

carbohydrates
lipids and fats
proteins
nucleic acids (DNA)

Question 13

what is the quaternary structure

Answer 13

results from the association of 2 or more polypeptide chains

Question 14

what is activation energy?

Answer 14

the amount of energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction

Question 15

How is a polypeptide formed?

Answer 15

dehydration reactions join the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another amino acid

Question 16

what is the primary structure?

Answer 16

a polypeptide’s unique sequence of amino acids

Question 17

what are the levels of protein structure?

Answer 17

primary structure
secondary structure
tertiary structure
quaternary structure

Question 18

how are macromolecules formed?

Answer 18

a process called polymerization

small molecules join together to make larger ones

Question 19

What are saturated fats?

Answer 19

Solid at room temp
Does not contain double bonds between carbon atoms
UNHEALTHY
ex. fried foods, butter

Question 20

What are Fats?

Answer 20

Fats are large lipids that are made up of two monomers “building blocks” : glycerol and fatty acid

Question 21

what is monomer?

Answer 21

the smaller units

Question 22

what is the tertiary structure?

Answer 22

the coils and folds in the polypeptide’s structure

Question 23

ENZYMES ARE REUSED

Answer 23

….

Question 24

what is all life on earth based on?

Answer 24

carbon

Question 25

what is an active site?

Answer 25

the region where the substrate binds to an enzyme

Question 26

what is the function of nucleic acids?

Answer 26

contains your genetic info which directs the synthesis of proteins

Question 27

Ex. of amino acids?

Answer 27

Alanine and cysteine

Question 28

what is the tertiary structure?

Answer 28

the overall three-dimension shape of the polypeptide

Question 29

What are Lipids?

Answer 29

Lipids are a highly diverse group of macromolecules Includes: fats, phospholipids, and waxes LIPIDS ARE HYDROPHOBIC

Question 30

what are the products?

Answer 30

what is made by the enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Question 31

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 31

reactions that break apart a polymer to make monomers. ENERGY IS RELEASED BY THE REACTION Bonds between monomers are broken by adding water between them

Question 32

what is the function of lipids?

Answer 32

long-term energy storage

Question 33

what is the nucleic acids monomer?

Answer 33

nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base)

Question 34

Protein functions?

Answer 34

Forms muscle fibers and connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments Forms hemoglobin a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body aids in cell transport and communication between cells

Question 35

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 35

They are liquid at room temp. Contains both double bonds between carbon atoms HEALTHIER Ex. corn oil, olive oil, etc.

Question 36

How do enzymes work?

Answer 36

they work by providing a location where reactants are brought together to react

Question 37

what is the secondary structure?

Answer 37

the coils and folds in the polypeptide's structure

Question 38

what are enzymes?

Answer 38

All organisms carry out chemical reactions necessary for life (called biochemical reactions) PROTEINS THAT SPEED UP A BIOCHEMICAL REACTION BY LOWERING ACTIVATION ENERGY

Question 39

what is the primary function of carbohydrates (polysaccharides)

Answer 39

short-term energy storage

Question 40

what is a substrate?

Answer 40

the reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Question 41

What are the common characteristics of life?

Answer 41

``` Are made of cells Have DNA Display order Self regulate (homeostasis) Growth and Development Process Energy Respond to the Environment Reproduce Evolve ```