Biochemistry Flashcards
1
Q
Cereals have a low content of what amino acid
A
Lysine
2
Q
what complex of the ETS contain copper
A
cytochrome C oxidase
3
Q
What enzyme is controlled by inhibition and allows skeletal muscle cells to accumulate glucose
A
phosphofructokinase
4
Q
what action occurs during the alanine cycle
A
pyruvate is converted to glucose in liver
5
Q
what malic enzyme catalyzes amalate to malate
A
pyruvate and prondes
6
Q
what is used in fatty acid biosynthesis
A
Acetyl-CoA
7
Q
What food has the riches source of Vit. E
A
vegetable oil
8
Q
Hydrolysis of amylopectin by amylase results in what end product
A
limit dextrin
9
Q
what hormone enhances activity of glycogen phosphorylase in skeletal muscle
A
epinephrine/glucose
10
Q
Glucose precursors are derived for all amino acids except
A
Leusine and Lysine
11
Q
Is cholesterol a steroid
A
yes
12
Q
What principal cards are produced by action of alpha-amylase on strach
A
maltose
13
Q
Amino acids derived from proteins are catabolized to products which directly enter which cycle
A
the tricarboxylic acid cycle for further oxidation to CO2
14
Q
Enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of maltose are secreted by mucosal cells of where
A
the small intestine
15
Q
what type of fatty acid is most abundant in olive oil
A
Monounsaturated, linoleic, linolenic
16
Q
Does a lack of lipoprotein lipase result in an increase of decrease of chilomicron
A
increase
17
Q
How is the phosphate group of ATP linked
A
by phosphoanhydride bonds
18
Q
How are triacylglycerols transported from intestinal cells to adipose cells
A
within chylomicrons
19
Q
What hormone increases the rate of many metabolic processes by increasing the activity of cAMP dependent protein kinase
A
Epinephrine and glucagon
20
Q
Dietary supplementation of therapeutic amounts of folic acid may be detrimental because it can mask what deficiency
A
B12 deficiency
21
Q
What are simple sugars
A
dihydroxyacetate
cellulose -> polysaccaride
maltose -> polysaccaride
glycogen -> disaccaride
22
Q
What vitamin is synthesized by intestinal flora
A
Vitamin K, B7?
23
Q
What compound catalyzes the formation of GTp in the TCA cycle
A
Succinate Thiokinase
24
Q
What is a characteristic of myogobin
A
single polypeptide in solution, hydrogenase -> hydrogens NADH shunting H
25
Does toxicity of most pesticides result from reversible or irreversible enzyme inhibition
irreversible
26
What is a C4 epimer of glucose
Galactose
27
Oxidation of what may result in ketone bodies
fatty acids
28
Is glucose an aldehyde
yes
29
What is a great source of omega 3 FA
salmon
30
Vitamin K is essential to synthesis of what substance
prothrombin
31
Dietary lipids are converted to _______ by pancreatic lipase
lipoptrotein
32
Which mineral is required for activity of most glycolytic enzymes
Most important is sulfer, found in B vitamins
33
Glucagon activates which enzyme in plasma membrane of hepatocytes
Adenylyl cyclase -> cyclic AMP
34
Bonding between fatty acids and glycerol in a 2 monoacylclycerol is best describes as what
Ester Linkage
35
When equilibrium constant for a reaction is equal to 1, the standard free energy charge for the reaction is..
-1.36
positive in Q -> negative in A
Negative in Q -> positive in A
36
In TCA, isocitrate dehydrogenase convers isocitrate to
alpha-ketogluterate
37
What amino acide initiates protein synthesis in humans
methionine
38
Which hormone affects anabolism and catabolism phases of protein metabolism
glucocorticoid (cortisol)
39
What is a disaccharide with B1
Lactose (cellulose)
40
Saturation levels of substance contained in enzyme catalyzed reaction cause progressive curve to display what
negative cooperativity
41
If dietary intake of tryptophan is adequate, what vitamin can by produced
niacin
42
What coenzyme is required for the oxidative decarboxylation process
thiamine pyrophosphate -> thyamine
43
Protein complementary allows vegan diets to supple sufficient amounts of what
essential AA
44
what catalyzes peptide bond formation during protein synthesis at ribosome
peptidyI transferase
45
One carbon transfers during production of purine and pyridines are directly dependent on
pyridoxine
46
The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption and metabolism of what
calcium and phosphorus
47
Cholesterol isn't a "P" of
lecitin
48
what factors characterizes gout
purine overproduction
49
what characteristic is a spontaneous reaction
Gibs free energy, is negative
50
Bile acids contains carboxyl group in their side chain that is often bound in amide linkage with what
taurine
51
Arginase catalyzes the enzymatic conversion of argine into ____ and urea
ornithine
52
Is succinate dehyrogenase a enzyme of Krebs?
no
53
In conversion to acetly-coA via pyruvate dehydrogenase comples, this is classified as ____
decarboxylation
54
When you are starving, what state are you in
gluconeogenesis
55
Which amino acid is aromatic
triptophan
56
What amino acid is important in the transport of FA into mitochondria
carnitine, licine/mathionine
57
What is niacin important for
oxidation/redox
58
Which B vitamin is involved in remethylation of homocystine
B12
59
which vitamin aids in the conversion of a ketoacid into an amino acid
Vitamine B6
60
What mineral helps in insulin binding
Chromium -> glutathione peroxidase -> silenium
61
What binds to iron and is the major storage form of iron
ferritin
62
What is a good source of Vitamin C
fruits and veggies
63
what is a good source of albumin
eggs
64
what fatty acid can the body synthesize
palmitic?
65
What aids in the absorption or iron
vitamin C
66
Glucose and galactose equals
lactose
67
Which disaccharide contains alph 1-6 link
isomaltose
68
lipoprotein molecule VLDL is responsive for the transport of what
endogenous triglycerides
69
lipoprotein molecule LDL is respondible for the transport of what
endogenous cholesterol
70
what does not contribute to elevated cholesterol in obese patientes
elevated HDLs
71
which of the following is the DNA complementary strand
3' TACGATGC 5' 5' ATGCTACG 3'
72
What is the rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis
PFK
73
What is the committed step in glycolysis
(RLE) F-6P -> F-1-6 (PFK)
74
What step in the Krebs cycle down't produce and NADH
Succinate -> fumarate
75
Where does glycolysis occur
cytoplasm
76
Alpha keto from which amino acid is an intermediate in krebs cycle
Glutamate
77
Which of the following is formed in the conversion of succinate to fumarate
FADH2
78
What is not an example of anaplerotic reaction
glucose -> glucose 6 phosphate
79
which reaction is an example of dehydration reaction
2RCO2H -> (RCO)2 O + H2O
80
What is the AA for bile acids
taurin
81
AA lacking a cord (Don't know what this is supposed to say)
tryptophan
82
Vitamin lacking causes damage to spinal cord
posterior sclerosis -> cobalamin
83
ATPase breaks what bonds
Anhydride (oxidative phosphoryl)
84
What doesn't have cholesterol
coconut oil (cholesterol is in animals)
85
Heme catabolism
bilirubin (yellow urine, brown feces)
86
Mineral found in liver, molasses, certain dried fruits
iron
87
iris of eye gets is color by
melanin (rhodopsin and visual purple are same)
88
Hepatic tissue converts cholesterol into
bile salts
89
What has no know antioxidant
cyacobalamine
90
Zyomaogen
chylorritrypsinogen
91
which is an intermediate in malate-asperatate shuttle
oxaloacetae
92
quickly to become ransid
sunflower oil
93
Vitamin deficiency wont be see for 5 years due to enterohepatic recycling and liver capacity
cobalamin
94
Allosteric inhibitor of glycolysis
ATP
95
AA in not essential
body metabolic capability to synthasize AA
96
Slow twitch muscle fibers
myoglobulin
97
Anerobic glycolysis convert pyruvate to lactate by what enzyme
lactate dehydrogenase
98
What contributes to bodies ability to use tocopherol
need selineum (Vit E)
99
What plays an important adjunctive role in cells ability to intimate glucose
chromium (insulin is main character)
100
non reducing sugar
sucrose
101
Hydrolysis a amylopectin gives you
maltose
102
Aneobic catabolisim of fats and sugars, what is the end product
acetyl CoA (protein, fat, carbs)
103
Avidin
blocks biotin
104
NADH is coenzyme for
dehydrogenase (oxidative reduction)
105
Production of purine nucleotides
B9
106
Which of the following is NOT a nucleoside derivative cofactor of a catabolic pathway?
- NAD
- Coenzyme A
- FADH
- NADPH
NADPH
107
Which of the following aids in the conversion of RNA to protein:
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
- Topoisomerase
tRNA
108
Acetyl CoA + ____ = Citrate:
- Coenzyme A
- Pyruvate
- Biotin
- Oxaloacetate
Oxaloacetate
109
If the cofactor is removed from a protein enzyme, what is it termed:
- Holoenzyme
- Apoenzyme
- Prosthetic group
- Coenzyme
Apoenzyme
110
Which of the following is a precursor of epinephrine:
- Cystine
- Serine
- Tyrosine
- Histidine
Tyrosine
111
Your patient has a severe case of periodontal disease that is not healing. There is no vitamin C available, which of the following should be used:
- Niacin
- Zinc
- Magnesium
- Iron
Zinc
112
Hydroxylation of phenlalanine oxidase creates:
- Tyrosine
- Epinephrine
- Alanine
- Threonine
Tyrosine
113
Which of the following aids in the uptake of insulin
- zinc
- copper
- chromium
- magnesium
Chromium
114
What transports fatty acids to mitochondria:
- succinyl CoA
- Thiokinase
- Cysteine
- Carnitine
Carnitine
115
Which of the following is indigestible:
- amylose
- cellulose
- glycogen
- maltose
cellulose
116
Which of the following is a sulfer containing AA:
- theronine and arginine
- isoleucine and histidine
- methionine and cysteine
- valine and tryptophan
methionine and cysteine
117
What is a precursor to cholesterol:
- NADPH
- HMG CoA
- Geranyl pyrophosphate
- isopentenyl pyrophosphate
HMG CoA
118
During the initiation of lipogenesis, the acetate moiety of acetyl CoA is convalently attached to carbon dioxide, with reducing hydrogen provided by NADPH, to form:
- Propionyl CoA
- Malonyl CoA
- Propinonic acid
- Free fatty acids
Malonyl CoA
119
What is the difference between glycogenolysis and glycogen:
- UDG-glucose
- Glucose 1-phosphate
- NADH
- RNA
Glucose 1-phosphate
120
WHich of the following enzymes plays a crucial role in DNA replication:
- EcoR1
- RNA polymerase II
- Amino acyl transferase
- topoisomerase
topoisomerase
121
Which of the following will reduce to only two glucose molecules:
- fructose
- mannose
- maltose
- sucrose
maltose
122
What type of bond is formed in DNA synthesis:
- hydrogen bonds
- phosphodiester bond
- biotin
- acetyl CoA
phosophodiester bonds
123
Which of the following fatty acids is NOT produced by the body:
- Palmitic
- Oleic
- Acetate
- Linoleic
Lionleic
124
The actual production of ATP is referred to as:
- oxidation-reduction
- oxidative phosphorylation
- oxidative decarboxylation
- ADP kinase
oxidative phosphorylation
125
In the oxidation of one equivalent of acetate during the tricarboxylic acid cycle, ____ equivalents of NADH are produced:
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
3
126
Which is considered a secondary structure of protein:
- alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
- only beta pleated sheet
- immunoglobulin
- RBS
alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
127
Gentle heating to separate double-standed molecules into single strands breaks which of the following bonds:
- ionic
- covalent
- phosphodiester
- hydrogen
hydrogen
128
The function of RNA polymerase II is to make:
- tRNA from mRNA
- mRNA from DNA template
- DNA from RNA template
- Helicase unwind the strand
mRNA from DNA template
