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AP Bio > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Alcohols

A

OH.
Yeast+Fruit make ethanol to help seeds disperse
Esters are alcohol based fragrances used by plants to attract pollinators

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1
Q

Organic

A

Contains HONC (HOC most common)

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2
Q

Corboxyl

A

COOH (acid)

Found in amino and fatty acids

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3
Q

Amino

A

NH2

Found in proteins and enzymes (which are just proteins)

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4
Q

Sulfhydryl

A

Sulfur bridges used to cause 3D cool or kink to proteins

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5
Q

Phosphates

A

[PO4] 3-

Found in ATP DNA and phospholipids (cell membrane)

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6
Q

Methyl

A

CH3

Will inactivate a gene when attached to DNA

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7
Q

To combine molecules into polymers?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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8
Q

To break molecules into monomers?

A

Hydrolysis

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9
Q

Determination of molecule combination:

A

Shape
Charge
Availability
and Catalysts (enzymes, cofactors, coenzymes)

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10
Q

4 Organics in living tissue

A

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

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11
Q

Carbs

A

CH2O
Sugars and polymers of sugars.
Energy and structure

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12
Q

Monosaccharides

A

C6H12O6 (glucose, fructose, ribose)
Alpha and beta glucose (isomers of glucose)
Humans can’t digest beta glucose

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13
Q

Disaccharides

A

Sucrose (main form of sugar transport in plants)

Trehalase (how insects transport sugar)

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14
Q

How sugar is stored:

A

In plants as starch

In animals as glycogen in liver and muscle cells

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15
Q

Sugar structure:

A

In plants cellulose

In animals: insects as chitin

16
Q

Peptide bonds

A

C-N bond made through dehydration synthesis

17
Q

Primary structure

A

Amino acid sequence

18
Q

Secondary structure

A

Folding due to hydrogen bonds in A.A. Alpha helix’s and beta pleated sheets

19
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Globular protein, bonding between R groups/sulfur bridges

20
Q

Quaternary structure

A

2 or more “clustered” globular proteins.

21
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Helps blood clot

22
Q

Keratin

A

Keeps your hair straight

23
Q

Collagen

A

Found in connective tissues

24
Q

Enzymes: tertiary structure

A

Globular with 3D structure “locks in” with substrate at active site

25
Q

Induced fit

A

Polarity and shape

26
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Missing an enzyme needed for salt/water/mucus

27
Q

Hemophilia

A

An enzyme used in platelets which is faulty, can’t form blood clots

28
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Missing an enzyme necessary for neuro brain cell functioning

29
Q

Limiting factors in enzyme activity:

A

Temperature, pH, cofactor availability (minerals which are inorganic and vitamins which are organic) DNA mutation

30
Q

Allosteric inhibitor

A

Closes off other “door” in enzyme so substrates can’t go in

31
Q

Allosteric effector

A

Opens “door” in enzyme for substances to come in

AP Bio (6 decks)

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