Biochemistry 2 Flashcards
Describe Marasmus
Protein deficiency with malnutrition
Slowed growth/loss of muscle
Serum albumin normal
Emaciated extremities
Describe Kwashiorkor
Protein intake deficiency, with normal calories
LOW serum albumin causes edema
Areas of hypERpigmentatino
Fatty Liver
What are the types of Vitamine A deficiencies?
Night Blindness: Loss of visual pigments
Epithelial Metaplasia: (xeropthalmia-dry eye in ocular epithelium, and pulmonary infections in muscociliary epithelium)
Immune deficiencies
Describe Vitamin B1 deficiency.
Most common in alcoholics**
(Thiamine)
Wet Beriberi - high output heart failure
Cardiomyopathy - accumulation of alpha ketoacids
Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome: polyneuropathy, pain in limbs, disorientation and confusion, double vision.
Describe vitamine B2 deficiencies.
(Riboflavin)
Ariboflavinosis, inflammation of corners of mouth, magenta tongue, dermatitis, and vision probs
Describe Niacin deficiencies?
Pellagra - dermatitis, mental confusion, and diarrhea.
Primary = diet Secondary = lack of absorption
Describe Vit. B6 deficiencies?
Sideroblastic anemia - peripheral neuropathy, skin, and circulatory symptoms
Deficiency in Folate?
Homocystenemia, megaloblastic anemia, and Neural Tube defects in pregnant
Vitamin B12 deficiencies?
Pernicious anemia - close to Folate – same symptoms, different part of same process.
can be deficient in intrinsic factor
COnverts homocysteine to methionine - requires b12 and folate
Use methylmalonyl CoA and succinyl coA to figure out.
Cause of megaloblastic anemia?
Decreased synthesis of thymine and purine bases (Limits DNA synthesis)
Causes cells to become large and RBCs don’t function normallly
High levels of _______ aid in the dx of B12 deficiency vs Folate?
Methylmalonyl cOA
Vitamin C deficiency?
Scruvy - lethargy, malaise, spots on skin/legs, soft-bleeding gums, loss of teeth, jaundice, eventually death.
Deficiency of Vit. D?
Ricketts - first year of life
Osteomalacia - weakened bone
Vit. E deficiency?
Neuropathy, ataxia, skeletal myopathy, retinopathy, and immune probs
AVED - Ataxia and Vitamin E Deficiency - nerve damage and lose ability to walk.
Vitamin K deficiency?
Coagulation deficient – bleeding problems
Warfarin blocks pathways that use Vit. K (theory behind blood thinning quality of drug)
