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Western Classes > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Water properties

A

Cohesive behavior
Moderate temperature
Expands upon freeze
Versatility as solvent

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2
Q

Water properties

A

Cohesive behavior
Moderate temperature
Expands upon freeze
Versatility as solvent

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3
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Form hydrogen atom - are covalently bonded to O or N is attracted to another O or N atom in another molecule

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4
Q

Lewis dot structure Hydrogen

A

One dot

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5
Q

Lewis dot structure oxygen

A

6 dots

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6
Q

Lewis dot structure carbon

A

4 dots

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7
Q

Lewis dot structure sulfur

A

6 dots

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8
Q

Lewis dot structure phosphorous

A

5 dots

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9
Q

Nitrogen # valence

A

3

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10
Q

Carbon # valence

A

4

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11
Q

Hydrogen # valence

A

1

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12
Q

Oxygen # valence

A

2

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13
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Attraction b/w ions or opposite charge (one gains, one loses electrons)

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14
Q

Example of ionic bond

A

Sodium and chloride attracted b/c opposite charge and held together by ionic bond to form sodium chloride

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15
Q

Covalent Bond

A

2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

(Covalent) equal share
(Polar covalent) unequal share

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16
Q

Atom loses electron (+ charge)

A

Cation

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17
Q

Atom gains electrons (- charge)

A

Anion

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18
Q

Monosaccharides

A

(One) glucose, fructose, galactose

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19
Q

Disaccharides

A

(Two) lactose, sucrose, maltose

20
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

21
Q

Glucose + glucose

A

Maltose

22
Q

Glucose + fructose

A

Sucrose

23
Q

Glucose + galactose

A

Lactose

24
Q

All carbs have this

A

Hexose (6 carbons)

25
Q

Enantiomers

A

Non-superimposable mirror images
(Same molecular formula, different spatial arrangement)

26
Q

Chirality

A

Carbon atom + 4 different groups bonded to it

27
Q

Fischer projection formulas

A

Lines cross through chiral carbon to represent bonds

28
Q

What is glucose concentration in blood regulated by

A

Insulin (beta - pancreas) and glucagon (alpha)

29
Q

What is not a reducing sugar

A

Sucrose (all other monosaccharides and disaccharides are reducing sugars)

30
Q

Sucrose

A

Water soluble, easy transport, not synthesized by animals

31
Q

Glycogen

A

Major glucose storage in animals
Stores in liver and muscle cells
Many branches (more than amylopectin)

32
Q

Glucose — glycogen

A

Insulin

33
Q

Glycogen — glucose (glycogen is controlled by)

A

Glucagon

34
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Glucagon stimulates this

35
Q

Glycogenesis

A

Insulin stimulates this

36
Q

Exergonic

A

Energy releasing (no energy requirement)

Ie catabolism - Metabolic pathway/ breakdown comped macromolecules to simple ones and take potential energy from it

37
Q

Endergonic

A

Energy requiring
Or anabolism - one energy requiring function; biosynthesis

38
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme for carbohydrate

39
Q

Lipase

A

Enzyme for fats

40
Q

What do salivary glands secrete to digest starches

A

Amylase

41
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Make glucose from non carbohydrate starting materials
(Lactate, glycerol, most amino acids,
glycerol + amino acids (only in starvation))

42
Q

Are Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis opposites

A

Yes

43
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High blood sugar

44
Q

What stimulates glucose uptake

A

Insulin

45
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar

Western Classes (3 decks)

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