Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Western Classes > AP III > Flashcards

AP III Flashcards

1
Q

During reabsorption the water and ions of Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium and Sodium return back to blood via

A

active and passive transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

reabsorption of what 2 things is hormonally controlled

A

water and ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what percentage of glucose is reabsorbed back into blood stream

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does reabsorption take place

A

descending portion of PCT
ascending portion of PCT
distal convoluted tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how long does it take the kidney’s nephrons to clean the blood of an average adult

A

24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sodium reabsorption is mostly an active process which means

A

it requires a Na/K pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

reabsorption of sodium gives energy and the means for the most of other solutes to be reabsorbed

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

obligatory water reabsorption

A

water follows sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

active pumping of sodium drives reabsorption of what

A
  • water by osmosis aided by water filled pores called aquaporins
  • cations and fat-soluble substances by diffusion
  • organic nutrients and selected cations by secondary active transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lipid-soluble substances diffuse by

A

transcellular route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nearly all substances need what in order to go through cell walls during reabsorption

A

carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when carriers are saturated what happens

A

an excess of that substance is excreted (i.e in diabetes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 2 most important non-reabsorbed substances

A

creatinine and uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what substances get reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubules?

A

-sodium, all nutrients, cations, anions, water
-urea + lipid-soluble solutes
-small proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

loop of henle and solutes reabsorbs water in what limbs

A

loop of henle in descending ling
solutes in asending limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

distal convoluted tubules reabsorb what

A

-calcium, sodium, hydrogen, potassium
-HCO3 & Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

collecting ducts do what

A

-reabsorb water, urea, sodium
-insulin can stimulate sodium transport all along nephron
-insulin dependent stimulation is basis for HTN in high carbohydrate-driven diseases like obesity and metabolic syndrome

18
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces what 2 things through what process

A

blood volume + blood pressure through reducing blood sodium

19
Q

urine formation processes involve

A

filtration
reabsorption
secretion
excretion

20
Q

tubular secretion is essentially reabsorption in reverse - where do substances move

A

from peritubular capillaries or tubule cells back into filtrate

21
Q

tubular secretion is important for

A

-disposing of substances not already on filtrate
-eliminating undesirable substances like urea and uric acid
-ridding body of excess potassium ions
-controlling blood pH

22
Q

osmolarity reflects # of solute particles dissolved in 1L water and reflects

A

the solutions ability to cause osmosis

23
Q

body fluids are measure in

A

miliosmols (mOsm)

24
Q

kidneys keep the solute load of body fluids constant at about

A

300 mOsm

25
Q

osmolarity

A

measure of the osmoses of solute per liter of solution

26
Q

osmolality

A

measure of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent

27
Q

antidiuretic hormone assumes all needed water stays in blood through inhibiting diuresis what does this ensure

A

99% of water filtrate is reabsorbed

28
Q

diuretics are chemicals that enhance

A

urinary output

29
Q

which chemicals have diuretic properties

A
  • any substance not reabsorbed
  • substances that exceed ability of renal tubules to reabsorb it
  • substances that inhibit Na reabsorption
30
Q

carries water out with glucose

A

high glucose levels

31
Q

inhibits release of ADH

A

alcohol

32
Q

inhibits sodium ion reabsorption

A

caffeine and most diuretic drugs

33
Q

renal clearance

A

volume of plasma that’s cleared of particular substance in a given time

34
Q

renal clearance rate formula

A

RC=UV/P

35
Q

what is the clearance of the renal clearance

A

creatinine

36
Q

pigment, product breakdown of hemoglobin

A

urochrome

37
Q

pH is slightly what

A

acidic

38
Q

how much of cell volume is water

A

2/3rds

39
Q

totally body water

A

40L

40
Q

in body, water moves according to

A

osmotic gradients

41
Q

blood osmolarity is

A

300mOsm

42
Q
A

Western Classes (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions