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MCAT > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

GLUT 4

A
  • Adipose Tissue and Muscle
  • Stimulated by insulin
  • Low Km
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2
Q

GLUT 2

A
  • Liver for glucose storage
  • Pancreatic B-islet cells (glucose sensor)
  • High Km
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3
Q 
Phosphofructokinase I (PFK-1)
(glycolytic enzyme)
A
  • Phosphorylates fructose 6-phosphate –> fructose 1, 6 biphosphate
  • activated by AMP and fructose 2, 6 biphosphate
  • inhibited by ATP and citrate
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4
Q

Hexokinase

glycolytic enzyme

A
  • Glucose –> glucose 6-phosphate

* *in peripheral tissues

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5
Q

Glucokinase

glycolytic enzyme

A
  • Glucose–> glucose 6-phosphate
  • found in Pancreatic B islet cells
  • responsive to insulin in the liver
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6
Q

Phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2)

glycolytic enzyme

A
  • Produces fructose 2,6-biphospate to active PFK-1
  • activated by insulin
  • inhibited by glucagon
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7
Q

Galactose

A
  • from lactose in milk
  • trapped in cell via galactokinase
  • converted to glucose 1 phosphate via glucose-1 phosphate via galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase and an epimer
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8
Q

Fructose

A
  • trapped in cell by fructokinase
  • cleaved by adolase B
  • forms glyceraldehyde + DHAP
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9
Q

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

A
  • converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA
  • stimulated by Insulin
  • inhibited by acetyl CoA
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10
Q

Glycogen Synthase

glycogenesis

A
  • creates a-1,4 glycosidic links between glucose

- activated by insulin in liver and muscle

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11
Q

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-dehydrogenase

glycolytic enzyme

A

-produces NADPH to feed the electron transport chain

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12
Q

3-phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase

glycolytic enzymes

A
  • perform substrate level phosphorylation

- inorganic phosphate onto ADP to form ATP

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13
Q

lactate dehydrogenase

glycolytic enzyme

A
  • oxidizes NADH produced in glycolysis if O2 or mitochondria are absent
  • examples: RBC, skeletal muscle
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14
Q

Branching enzyme

glycogenesis

A

-moves oligoglucose from one chain to new glycogen as a-1,6 glycosidic link

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15
Q

Glycogen phosphorylase

glycogenolysis

A
  • removes glucose 1-phosphate by breaking a-links
  • activated (liver) by glucagon
  • activated (skeletal tissue)-epinephrine and AMP
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16
Q

Debrancing enzyme

glycogenolysis

A
  • oligoglucose from one branch and connects it to the chain using a-1,4 glycosidic link
  • Removes the branchpoint connected via an a-1,6 glycosidic link, releasing a free glucose
17
Q

Glycogenesis

A

the production of glycogen using two main enzymes:

  • glycogen synthase
  • branching enzyme
18
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

breakdown of glycogen using two main enzymes:

  • glycogen phosphorylase
  • debranching enzyme
19
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A
  • reverse of glycolysis
  • three irreversible steps
  • occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver (small in kidneys)

MCAT (6 decks)

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