Biochemistry Flashcards
1
Q
GLUT 4
A
- Adipose Tissue and Muscle
- Stimulated by insulin
- Low Km
2
Q
GLUT 2
A
- Liver for glucose storage
- Pancreatic B-islet cells (glucose sensor)
- High Km
3
Q
Phosphofructokinase I (PFK-1) (glycolytic enzyme)
A
- Phosphorylates fructose 6-phosphate –> fructose 1, 6 biphosphate
- activated by AMP and fructose 2, 6 biphosphate
- inhibited by ATP and citrate
4
Q
Hexokinase
glycolytic enzyme
A
- Glucose –> glucose 6-phosphate
* *in peripheral tissues
5
Q
Glucokinase
glycolytic enzyme
A
- Glucose–> glucose 6-phosphate
- found in Pancreatic B islet cells
- responsive to insulin in the liver
6
Q
Phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2)
glycolytic enzyme
A
- Produces fructose 2,6-biphospate to active PFK-1
- activated by insulin
- inhibited by glucagon
7
Q
Galactose
A
- from lactose in milk
- trapped in cell via galactokinase
- converted to glucose 1 phosphate via glucose-1 phosphate via galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase and an epimer
8
Q
Fructose
A
- trapped in cell by fructokinase
- cleaved by adolase B
- forms glyceraldehyde + DHAP
9
Q
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
A
- converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA
- stimulated by Insulin
- inhibited by acetyl CoA
10
Q
Glycogen Synthase
glycogenesis
A
- creates a-1,4 glycosidic links between glucose
- activated by insulin in liver and muscle
11
Q
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-dehydrogenase
glycolytic enzyme
A
-produces NADPH to feed the electron transport chain
12
Q
3-phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase
glycolytic enzymes
A
- perform substrate level phosphorylation
- inorganic phosphate onto ADP to form ATP
13
Q
lactate dehydrogenase
glycolytic enzyme
A
- oxidizes NADH produced in glycolysis if O2 or mitochondria are absent
- examples: RBC, skeletal muscle
14
Q
Branching enzyme
glycogenesis
A
-moves oligoglucose from one chain to new glycogen as a-1,6 glycosidic link
15
Q
Glycogen phosphorylase
glycogenolysis
A
- removes glucose 1-phosphate by breaking a-links
- activated (liver) by glucagon
- activated (skeletal tissue)-epinephrine and AMP
