Biochemistry

Question 1

eGFR of stage 1 CKD

Answer 1

> 90

Question 2

eGFR of stage 2 CKD

Answer 2

60-89

Question 3

eGFR of stage 3 CKD

Answer 3

30-59

Question 4

eGFR of stage 4 CKD

Answer 4

15-29

Question 5

eGFR of stage 5 CKD

Answer 5

<15

Question 6

what is the gold standard for measuring GFR

Answer 6

inulin

Question 7

what is usually used to measure GFR

Answer 7

creatinine

Question 8

counfounding variables to using creatinine to estimate GFR

Answer 8

muscle mass
diet
proxies used to take this into account

Question 9

limitations to creatinine use?

Answer 9

small rises can have a large drop in GFR

large changes can have a small drop out of ref range

Question 10

what is an improvement to serum creat alone

Answer 10

urine creat CL

[creat]urine x Vu/serum creat x duration collection

Question 11

describe how nephrotic syndrome leads to protienuria

Answer 11

normal serum protein level but reduced kidney function leads to excess protein in tubular fluid and overwhelmed reabsorption

Question 12

how does multiple myeloma lead to proteinuria

Answer 12

overproduction of a specific protein leadign to high filtration in glomerulus and overwhelmed reabsorption