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BMVP > Biochemical Tests Part 1 > Flashcards

Biochemical Tests Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Determines an organisms ability to use acetamide as a sole source of carbon

A

Acetamide Utilization test

Acetamide Utilization (+) organisms produce acylamidase > deaminates acetamide > releasing ammonia
*Alkaline pH = Green to royal blue

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2
Q

Positive QC for Acetamide utilization test

A

P. aeruginosa

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3
Q

Negative QC for Acetamide Utilization Test

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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4
Q

Determines an organism’s ability to use acetate as a sole source of carbon

A

Acetate Utilization Test

Differentiates E. coli to Shigella spp.

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5
Q

Positive result for Acetamide utilization test

A

Color change from green to royal blue

*Due to change in pH (Alkaline)

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6
Q

Positive QC for Acetate Utilization test

A

E. coli

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7
Q

Negative QC for Acetate Utilization test

A

Shigella flexneri

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8
Q

Positive result for Acetate utilization test

A

Blue

*Due to change in pH (Alkaline)

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9
Q

Acetamide and Acetate utilization tests requires incubation at what temp and for how long?

A

35 deg C for up to 7 days

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10
Q

This test detects the presence of enzyme butyrate esterase

A

Butyrate Esterase Test

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11
Q

Positive QC for Butyrate Esterase Test

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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12
Q

What is the old name for Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Branhamella catarrhalis

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13
Q

What is the susbtrate used for Butyrase Esterase Test

A

Bromo-chloro-indolyl butyrate impregnated disks

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14
Q

The negative QC for Butyrate Esterase test

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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15
Q

Positive result for Butyrase Esterase Test

A

Blue within 5 minutes

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16
Q

Other name for Butyrate esterase test

A

Butyrate disk or Catarrhalis test

*Rapid test to detect Moraxella Catarrhalis

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17
Q

This test is used to differentiate Staphylococci and Streptococci

A

Catalase Test

*Staphylococci (Cat +), Streptococci (Cat -)

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18
Q

Reagent used for Catalase test

A

Hydrogen Peroxide

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19
Q

Positive result for Catalase test

A

Effervescence or Bubbling

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20
Q

Positive QC for Catalase Test

A

Staph aureus

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21
Q

Negative QC for Catalase Test

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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22
Q

This test differentiates S. aureus to other Staphylococci

A

Coagulase test

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23
Q

Reagent used for Coagulase Test

A

Rabbit plasma w/ 0.5 mL EDTA

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24
Q

Slide tests and Tube tests for coagulase detects?

A

Slide test = Bound Coagulase
Tube test = Free Coagulase

Slide test (Screening), Tube test (Confirmatory)

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25
Q

Positive QC for Coagulase test

A

S. aureus

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26
Q

Negative QC for Coagulase test

A

S. epidermidis

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27
Q

What is the positive result for Coagulase test

A

Visible clumping/clotting of any size

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28
Q

This test detects an organism’s ability to produce gelatinase

A

Gelatinase/Gelatin Hydrolysis Test

Presumptive test for the identification of various organisms, including Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, and some gram-positive bacilli

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29
Q

Positive result for Coagulase Slide test

A

Clumping seen w/in 10 min

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30
Q

Positive result for Tube Coagulase test

A

Clumping/Coagulation after 4 hours

*If negative after 4 hrs, incubate overnight then recheck

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31
Q

Positive test for Gelatinase/Gelatin Hydrolysis test

A

Liquefaction of the inoculated tube at 4 deg C w/in 14 days

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32
Q

Positive QC for Gelatinase test

A

Serratia liquifaciens

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33
Q

Negative QC for Gelatinase test

A

Enterobacter aerogenes

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34
Q

A test for the enzyme hippuricase/Hippurate hydrolase

A

Hippurate

*Test medium must only contain hippurate: Ninhydrin reagent might react with any free amino acid present in growth media or broths

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35
Q

What are the end products for Hippurate test

A

Glycine & Benzoic Acid

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36
Q

Positive QC for Hippurate Test

A

Group B Strep: Strep agalactiae

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37
Q

Negative QC for Hippurate test

A

Strep. pyogenes

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38
Q

This is a presumptive test for gram positive, catalase negative cocci

A

Leucine aminopeptidase test

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39
Q

What is the substrate used for LAP test

A

Leucine-beta-naphthylamide

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40
Q

Reagent for LAP test

A

Cinnamaldehyde

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41
Q

Product of LAP test

A

Beta-naphthylamine

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42
Q

Positive QC for LAP test

A

Streptococcus/Enterococcus

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43
Q

Positive result for LAP test

A

Red color w/in 1 min after addition of cinnamaldehyde

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44
Q

Negative result for LAP test

A

No color change or Slight yellow

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45
Q

Negative QC for LAP test

A

Leuconostoc spp.

46
Q

Rapid test wich detects gram positive, catalase positive cocci (Staph and Micrococcus)

A

Microdase test

*aka Modified oxidase test
Detects the enzyme Oxidase
In the presence of atmospheric oxygen: OXIDASE ENZYME reacts with OXIDASE REAGENT and CYTOCHROME C = Indophenol (Colored compound)

47
Q

Positive result for Microdase test

A

Blue to purple color

Reagent of Microdase test: Disk impregnated with Tetramethyl-Para-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride + Dimethyl Sulfoxide

48
Q

Positive QC of Microdase test

A

Micrococcus

*MICROdase for MICROcoccus

49
Q

Negative QC for Microdase test

A

Staphylococcus

50
Q

Detects B-Glucoronidase

A

MUG test

*aka 4-Methylumbelliferyl-b-d-Glucuronide (MUG) Test - Impregnated disk
-Also used as presumptive identification of Enterobacteriaceae and verotoxin producing E. coli (0157-H7 is neg)

51
Q

Positive result for MUG

A

Electric blue fluorescence under UV light

52
Q

Positive QC for MUG test

A

E. coli except (0157-H7)

53
Q

Negative QC for MUG test

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

54
Q

Determines the presence of bacterial enzyme cytochrome oxidase activity in microorganisms

For the identification of oxidase-negative Enterobacteriaceae, differentiating them from other gram-negative bacilli

A

Oxidase Test

55
Q

Reagent for Oxidase Test

A

Tetramethyl-para-phenylenediamine dihydrochlodride

56
Q

Positive result for Oxidase test

A

Purple

*Development of Dark purple color within 10 sec

57
Q

Positive QC for Oxidase Test

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

58
Q

Negative QC for Oxidase Test

A

Escherichia coli

59
Q

Detects the presence of the enzyme l-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase

Presumptive identification of group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Enterococci

A

PYR test

*l-Pyrrolidonyl ArylAmidAse (Pyr) Test

60
Q

Enzyme detected in PYR test

A

Pyrollidonyl arylamidase/PYRase

61
Q

Reagent for PYR test

A

N-N dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

62
Q

Positive result for PYR test

A

Bright red color w/in 5 min after addition of the reagent

63
Q

Positive QC for PYR test

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)
Enterococcus faecalis

64
Q

Negative QC for PYR test

A

Streptococcus mitis

65
Q

Differentiates Group D enterococci and Group D non-enterococci

A

Bile Esculin Test

-Gram (+) organisms inhibited by Bile Salts
-Organisms capable of growth in the presence of 4% bile and able to hydrolyze esculin to esculetin will demonstrate growth

66
Q

What is the H2S indicator for Bile Esculin Test

A

Ferric Ammonium Citrate

*All H2S indicator = FAC except TSI = FAS (Ferric Ammonium Sulfide)

67
Q

Positive result for Bile Esculin Test

A

Blackening of Agar

68
Q

Positive QC for Bile Esculin Test

A

Group D Enterococci

69
Q

Negative QC for Bile Esculin Test

A

Streptococcus mitis

70
Q

Primarily used to isolate and purify Pseudomonas aeruginosa from contaminated specimens

A

Cetrimide Agar

Cetrimide is toxic to many bacteria except for P. aeruginosa

71
Q

Positive result for Cetrimide Agar Test

A

Growth (Color change: Yellow-green to Blue-green colonies)

72
Q

Positive QC for Cetrimide Agar

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

73
Q

Negative QC for Cetrimide Agar

A

E. coli

74
Q

Determines the ability of an organism to grow in high salt concentration

Primarily used to differentiate Enterococci from Non-Enterococci

A

Salt Tolerance Test

-Enterococci are resistant to high salt concentration
-Heart infusion broth w/ ____ salt conc. is used as a test medium

75
Q

Concentration of salt used in Salt Tolerance Test

A

6.5% NaCl

*MSA is 7.5% NaCl

76
Q

What is the indicator used for Salt Tolerance Test

A

Bromcrescol Purple

77
Q

Positive result for Salt Tolerance Test

A

Visible turbidity (Color change from pink to yellow)

78
Q

Negative Result for Salt Tolerance Test

A

No turbidity (Pink = No color change)

79
Q

Positive QC for Salt Tolerance Test

A

Group D enterococcus

80
Q

Negative QC for Salt Tolerance Test

A

Group D non-enterococcus

81
Q

Presumptive identification and differentiation of beta-hemolytic group A streptococci from other beta-hemolytic streptococci

Also used to distinguish staphylococci species from micrococci

A

Bacitracin Test

82
Q

Other name for Bacitracin

A

Taxo A

*bAcitracin = taxo A, oPtochin = taxo P

83
Q

What is the concentration of Bacitracin to be used

A

0.04 U of Bacitracin

84
Q

Positive result for Bacitracin Test

A

Any zone of inhibition

After incubation in 35 deg C for 18-24 hours

85
Q

Positive QC for Bacitracin Test

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

*Group A Streptococci

86
Q

Negative QC for Bacitracin Test

A

S. agalactiae

87
Q

Differentiates Streptoccus pneumoniae from other alpha hemolytic streptococci

A

Bile Solubility Test

*Bile (ex. sodium deoxycholate) rapidly lyses pneumococcal colonies (Lysis depends on presence of amidase)

88
Q

What is the concentration of bile to be used in Bile Solubility test when the organism is plated

A

10% Sodium Deoxycholate

89
Q

What is the concentration of bile to be used in Bile Solubility test when the organism is in a tube

A

2% Sodium deoxycholate

90
Q

Positive result for Bile solubility test

A

Dissolution of Colonies

*After incubation at 35 deg C for 30 min

91
Q

Positive and Negative QC for Bile solubility Test

A

Positive QC: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Negatie QC: E. faecalis

S. pneumoniae (+), Other alpha hemolytic organisms (-)

92
Q

Test to determine the effect of Taxo P to the growth of a particular organism

Can be used to differentiate S. pneumoniae to other alpha hemolytic strep

A

Optochin Test

Cultures are incubated at 35 de C for 24 hrs at 5% CO2

93
Q

Positive result for Optochin Test

A

Zone of inhibition >14mm

ZOI of <14 mm is questionable

94
Q

Positive and Negative QC for Optochin Test

A

Positive QC: Streptococcus peumoniae
Negative QC: Streptococcus mitis

Optochin lyses pneumococci (positive test), but alpha-streptococci are resistant (negative test)

95
Q

Used to determine whether a gram negative rod utilized glucose and lactose or sucrose fermentatively and forms hydrogen sulfide

A

Triple Sugar Iron Test

96
Q

Sugars used in Triple Sugar Iron Test

Include concentration of each

A

Lactose (10 parts) = 1%
Sucrose (10 parts) = 1%
Glucose (1 part) = 0.1%

97
Q

pH indicator for TSI

A

Phenol Red

*TX MU C Aling Dionesia Pacquiao (TSI, XLD, MSA, Cystine Trypticase Agar, Urease, Acidemetry, Dermatophyte Test Medium = Phenol Red)

98
Q

H2S Indicator for TSI

A

Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate

*All media with H2S Indicator = FAC (Ferric Ammonium Citrate) except TSI = FAS

99
Q

Results and interpretation of TSI

A

Yellow = Acidic
Red = Alkaline
Black = H2S +
Breaks on medium = Gas production

Pag phenol red ang indicator same results
*TSI should be read within 24 hrs (Fermentation products are oxidized and slant reverts back to alkaline state = False neg)

100
Q

How to inoculate TSI media

A

Stab then Streak

101
Q

E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter presentation on TSI medium

A

A/A, Gas (+), H2S (-)

102
Q

Presentation of Shigella on TSI

A

K/A, Gas (-), H2S (-)

*Shigellla non-lactose fermenter (Sugars Can Kill My PaPa Ed)
*H2S (SPACE)

103
Q

Presentation of Salmonella Arizonae, Citrobacter, Edwardsiella, Proteus on TSI

A

K/A, Gas(+), H2S (+)

*H2S + (SPACE)
*Non Lactose Fermenter (Sugars Can Kill My PaPa Ed)
*Late Lactose Fermenter (Yana Eats Half Sugar Cookies)

104
Q

Presentation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

K/K, Gas (-), H2S (-)

*Pseudomonas CANNOT ferment GLUCOSE

105
Q

Used to determine if a gram negative rod decarboxylates or deaminates lysine and forms hydrogen sulfide

A

Lysine Iron Agar

*LIA composition: Lysine, Peptones, Small amount of Glucose

106
Q

pH Indicator of Lysine Iron Agar

A

Bromcrescol Purple

Results: Acidic (Yellow), Alkaline (Purple)

107
Q

H2S Indicator of Lysine Iron Agar

A

Ferric Ammonium Citrate

*All media H2S Indicator = FAC except TSI = FAS

108
Q

Lysine decarboxylase product

A

Cadaverine

109
Q

Inoculation of organisms in LIA

A

Stab, Streak, Stab

110
Q

Sulfur Source of LIA

A

Sodium Thiosulfate

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