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Biology: Module 2: Foundations in Biology > Biochemical Tests > Flashcards

Biochemical Tests Flashcards

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1
Q

Name of test for proteins

A

Biuret Test

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2
Q

Name of test for reducing and non-reducing sugars

A

Benedict’s Test

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3
Q

Name of test for starch

A

Iodine test

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4
Q

Name of test for lipids

A

Emulsion test

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5
Q

How to carry out Benedict’s Test for reducing sugars

A

Place sample in boiling tube, add equal volume of Benedict’s Reagent, heat mixture in water bath for five minutes

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6
Q

Positive test for reducing or non-reducing sugars

A

Brick red precipitate

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7
Q

Negative test for reducing or non-reducing sugars

A

Blue precipitate

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8
Q

Why is the Benedict test qualitative?

A

The colour of the precipitate depends on the concentration of reducing sugar

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9
Q

How to carry out Benedict’s test for non-reducing sugars

A

Boil the solution with hydrochloric acid in a water bath, neutralise it with calcium carbonate, add Benedict’s reagent and carry out Benedict’s test as normal

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10
Q

Test for starch

A

Iodine test

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11
Q

How to carry out iodine test

A

Add iodide solution into sample

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12
Q

Positive result for starch

A

Blue-black

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13
Q

Negative result for starch

A

Yellow

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14
Q

Alternative test for reducing sugars

A

Reagent strips

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15
Q

Test for lipids

A

Emulsion test

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16
Q

How to do the emulsion test

A

Mix sample with ethanol, mix resulting solution with water and shake

17
Q

Positive test for lipids

A

White

18
Q

Negative test for lipids

A

Clear

19
Q

Test for proteins

A

Biuret Test

20
Q

How to do the Biuret Test

A

Add Biuret Reagent, leave in water bath

21
Q

Positive test for proteins

A

Lilac

22
Q

Negative test for proteins

A

Blue

23
Q

Quantitative methods of determining the concentration of a substance

A

Colorimetry, biosensors

24
Q

How to do colorimetry

A

Filter in colorimeter, calibration of colorimeter with distilled water, Benedict’s test with known concentrations of a solution, filtering of the solutions to remove precipitate, percentage transmission of each solution measured in colorimeter, calibration curve plotted, percentage transmission by sample can then be used to read off the concentration from the curve

25
Q

How do biosensors work?

A

Molecular recognition when a protein or single strand of DNA that has been immobilised interacts with the molecule being looked for, transducer detects this, produces a response such as releasing a dye or an electric current, display of a particular colour or a particular reading

26
Q

How to do paper chromatography

A

Wear gloves and draw a line on the chromatography paper relatively close to the bottom edge with 4 equally spaced marks drawn on the line, spot the amino acid solutions onto the marks using a capillary tube, dry the spot, repeat for many spots, place the paper into a jar containing a solvent, close the jar, remove the paper, draw a line along the solvent front, dry, spray with ninhydrin spray which will cause amino acids to turn brown, mark each dot with a pencil

27
Q

Equation for Rf

A

Rf = Distance travelled by component / Distance travelled by solvent

28
Q

Difference between paper and thin layer chromatography

A

You use plates rather than paper

29
Q

How can chromatography be used to separate biological molecules?

A

Different molecules will have different Rf values.

30
Q

Why is it essential that enzymes are the right shape?

A

Shape is linked to the specificity, substrate wouldn’t fit, antibody wouldn’t fit the antigen, allows reversible binding

31
Q

Why is it important that proteins fold right?

A

Won’t fit into active sites of enzymes, insoluble, too compact

32
Q

Why can you tell that protein synthesis doesn’t use diffusion?

A

Rate too slow over large distances, large molecules

Biology: Module 2: Foundations in Biology (10 decks)

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