Biochemical Analysis Of Body Fluids

Question 1

Examples of body fluids

Answer 1

Saliva
Csf
Ventricular fluid
Intestinal fluid
Blood
Urine
Seminal fluid
Pericardial fluid

Question 2

All liquids that are secreted or eliminated from the body are referred to as

Answer 2

Body fluids

Question 3

Body fluids are obtained for

Answer 3

Laboratory analysis

Question 4

Body fluids are referred to as

Answer 4

Specimen

Question 5

Body tissues are used for

Answer 5

Toxicological studies

Question 6

Importance of biochemical analysis of body fluids

Answer 6

Diagnosis of metabolic diseases
Screening of diseases
Monitor treatment
Detect complications
Medico legal reasons
Research

Question 7

Urinalysis

Answer 7

Urine testing used to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions including kidney disease, diabetes and urinary tract infections.

Question 8

Semen analysis

Answer 8

This test is usually conducted to find out the mans fertility and also about his reproductive health as well as to assess the effectiveness of a vasectomy

Question 9

CSF analysis

Answer 9

To identify conditions that affects the central nervous system (CNS) such as an infection, malignancy, or bleeding inside the brain or skull.

Question 10

Synovial fluid analysis

Answer 10

Analysis of synovial fluid is utilized to identify the origin of joint swelling, discomfort and/ or inflammation

Question 11

Pleural fluid analysis

Answer 11

This test helps to identify the origin of pleural inflammation (pleuritis, pleurisy), fluid build up in the pleural space (pleural effusion) or potential cancer

Question 12

INTERPRETATION OF BIOCHEMICAL LABORATORY RESULT

Answer 12

The laboratory result must be interpreted on the background of a reference interval that is used to distinguish between “health” and “disease”. The clinician must also evaluate the result from the knowledge of biological variation and be aware of the potential risk of false interpretation.
•The laboratory test request is usually requested to confirm or rule out empirical diagnoses made on the basis of patient’s clinical condition.
If the laboratory test result does not fit into the patient’s clinical condition,then the possibility of an error should be investigated.
•If there is no error after investigation, the patients sign and symptoms should be re-evaluated.If it is still not correlating with the clinical conditions,further assessment should be made by:
•Considering the pattern of abnormalities e.g Hyperkalemia associated with hyponatremia can indicate Addison diseases, potassium sparing diuretic or diabetic acidosis
•Performing further appropriate laboratory tests eg Hypokalemia –spot urinary potassium estimation helpful(values less than 10mmol/l indicates extra renal cause while 20mmol/l indicate renal loss)

Question 13

POSSIBLE ERRORS IN LABORATORY REPORT

Answer 13

Incorrect labelling of sample
•Misuse of the reference interval
•Analytical error
•Artefactual results
•Patient(clinical condition, diet, Drugs, exercise)
•Specimen sampling(time of sampling, site of sample collection, Technique of sampling)
•Container(lack of preservatives or wrong preservatives)
•Sample transport(delayed separation, wrong transport medium)

Question 14

An Approach to result interpretation

Answer 14

Memorise three to five of the most common cause of a particular metabolic derangement found in laboratory report.
•Memorize the useful routine investigations and their interpretation relating to the disorder.
•Derive a provisional diagnosis by a process of elimination.