Biochem tests Flashcards
Prostate specific antigen
diagnostic test for prostate cancer however you can get high PSA levels in those who have benign prostatic disease as well
flags up that there may be prostate cancer but needs to be confirmed by biopsy
sensitivity
ability of test to determine people who have the disease
specificity
ability of test to determine people without the disease
What is AFP
Tumour marker used in germ cell tumuours
Where is alkaline phosphate found
Liver biliary tree placenta bone - can be raised in metastasis when tumours invade bone Small intestine
What to do if raised alk phos
GGT to check if its liver or something else
What kind of issue effusion do people with cardiac failure have
transudates
What kind of effusion do people with cancer tend to have
exudate
what does hypercalcaemia affect
effects neuromuscular contractility
What does raised calcium suggest
malignancy
What does hypercalcaemia cause
stones - renal stones
bones -bpne pain
groans -abdo pain
moans - depression
Effect of high calcium on kidneys
Presents sodium reabsorption in the kidneys resulting to sodium and water loss in urine - causes dehydration
What do parathyroid glands control
serum calcium
What does parathyroid hormone do
regulates levels of serum calcium therefore a squamous cell lung cancer releasing hormones mimicking parathyroid hormone causes hypercalcaemia
Cushings syndrome
excess cortisol in blood
can be caused by giving too many steroids
Caused by ACTH being secreted by malignancy