Biochem tests Flashcards

1
Q

Prostate specific antigen

A

diagnostic test for prostate cancer however you can get high PSA levels in those who have benign prostatic disease as well

flags up that there may be prostate cancer but needs to be confirmed by biopsy

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2
Q

sensitivity

A

ability of test to determine people who have the disease

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3
Q

specificity

A

ability of test to determine people without the disease

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4
Q

What is AFP

A

Tumour marker used in germ cell tumuours

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5
Q

Where is alkaline phosphate found

A
Liver 
biliary tree
placenta 
bone - can be raised in metastasis when tumours invade bone 
Small intestine
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6
Q

What to do if raised alk phos

A

GGT to check if its liver or something else

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7
Q

What kind of issue effusion do people with cardiac failure have

A

transudates

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8
Q

What kind of effusion do people with cancer tend to have

A

exudate

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9
Q

what does hypercalcaemia affect

A

effects neuromuscular contractility

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10
Q

What does raised calcium suggest

A

malignancy

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11
Q

What does hypercalcaemia cause

A

stones - renal stones
bones -bpne pain
groans -abdo pain
moans - depression

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12
Q

Effect of high calcium on kidneys

A

Presents sodium reabsorption in the kidneys resulting to sodium and water loss in urine - causes dehydration

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13
Q

What do parathyroid glands control

A

serum calcium

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14
Q

What does parathyroid hormone do

A

regulates levels of serum calcium therefore a squamous cell lung cancer releasing hormones mimicking parathyroid hormone causes hypercalcaemia

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15
Q

Cushings syndrome

A

excess cortisol in blood
can be caused by giving too many steroids
Caused by ACTH being secreted by malignancy

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16
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

excess aldosterone

17
Q

Symptoms of cushings

A
Hypertension 
hypocalcaemia 
nocturia 
mild truncal obestisty 
plethora (excess fluid) 
oedema