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BIOCHEM > BIOCHEM PART 2 > Flashcards

BIOCHEM PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

storage of H2O (plant); storage of waste and nutrients (animals)

A

Vacoule

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2
Q

Protein building blocks

A

Amino acid

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3
Q

Carbohydrate building block

A

Monosaccharide

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4
Q

Lipid building block

A

Fatty acid

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5
Q

Protein bond

A

Peptide

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6
Q

Carbohydrate bond

A

Glycosidic

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7
Q

Lipid bond

A

Ester

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8
Q

Nucleic acid building block

A

Nucleotide

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9
Q

Nucleic acid bond

A

Phosphodiester

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10
Q

Example of protein

A

Pepsin, Hemoglobin

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11
Q

Carbohydrates example

A

Starch, Glycogen

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12
Q

Lipid example

A

Wax, Triglyceride

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13
Q

Nucleic acid examples

A

DNA, RNA

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14
Q

glycerol + fatty acids

A

Triglycerides

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15
Q

glycerol + fatty acids

A

Triglycerides

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16
Q

long chain of alcohol + long chain of fatty acids

A

Waxes

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17
Q

long chain of alcohol + long chain of fatty acids

A

Waxes

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18
Q

Most abundant organic molecule in nature

A

Carbohydrates

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19
Q

1g lipid

A

9kcal

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20
Q

1g carbohydrates

A

4kcal

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21
Q

1g alcohol

A

7kcal

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22
Q

complex molecule protein + carbohydrate

A

Proteoglycans

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23
Q

form in GAGS (glycosaminoglycans) or mucopolysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharides units

A

Heteropolysaccharide + Peptide (core protein)

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24
Q

composed of 1 sugar acid (glucuronic acid and iduronic acid) and 1 amino acid (N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl galactosamine)

A

Disaccharides

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25
Q

Also known as mucopolysaccharide

A

Glycosaminoglycans

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26
Q

act as skeletal joint lubricant

A

Chondrotin sulfate, Hyaluronic acid

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27
Q

It prevent and treat arthritis and blocks the enzyme that breaks down cartilage

A

Chondrotin sulfate

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28
Q

important structural tissue and organ
and wound repair and blood coagulation

A

Dermatan Sulfate

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29
Q

blood coagulation, cell differentiation and inflammatory response

A

Heparin sulfate

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30
Q

treatment of clots and thrombosis

A

Heparin

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31
Q

it does not contain sulfate

A

Glucuronic acid

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32
Q

important in cartilage and cornea and only GAG that does not contain sugar acid

A

Keratan sulfate

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33
Q

Function of carbohydrates - Lubricant of skeletal joints

A

True

34
Q

Function of carbohydrates — major component of bacterial cell walls and soft cell coats in animal tissues

A

True

35
Q

Function of carbohydrates — Provide adhesion between cells and example

A

True glycoconjugates

36
Q

Function of Carbohydrates — Transport functions (biochemical transport) and example

A

True ; transferrin

37
Q

responsible for the transport of iron copper

A

Transferrin

38
Q

Function of carbohydrates — Confer biologic specificity on animal cell surface and example

A

True ; Antigen

39
Q

Antigen aka

A

glycolipids or spingolipids

40
Q

Function of carbohydrates — Supply precursors for synthesis of vital biologic substances and examples

A

True ; Enzymes, Hormones, Precursor of DNA and RNA

41
Q

formation of glucose from non hexose precursor (activate pyruvate glycerol)

A

Gluconeogenesis

42
Q

Pyruvate to glucose

A

Gluconeogenesis

43
Q

glucose to pyruvate

A

Glycolysis

44
Q

Simplest ketone

A

dihydroxyacetone

45
Q

Crystalline carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide and Disaccharide

46
Q

Fibrous carbohydrates

A

Oligosaccharide and Polysaccharide

47
Q

the simplest sugar; building block of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

48
Q

Contains 3-10 carbon atoms and can be classified according to:
the number of carbon atoms, the functional group present (aldose/ketose), ring structure formed

A

Monosaccharide

49
Q

5 membered carbon ring

A

Furan

50
Q

6 membered ring

A

Pyran

51
Q

reducing

A

Monosaccharide

52
Q

Reducing or non reducing

A

Disaccharide

53
Q

Non reducing

A

Polysaccharide

54
Q

Triose example

A

Glyceraldehyde

55
Q

Tetrose

A

Erythrose

56
Q

Pentose example

A

Ribose, Xylose

57
Q

Hexose example

A

Glucose, Fructose, Mannose

58
Q

Heptose example

A

Sedoheptulose

59
Q

Nonose

A

Neuraminic acid

60
Q

Glucose other name

A

Dextrose, Blood sugar, Corn sugar, Physiologic sugar, D-glucopyanose, Grape sugar

61
Q

Glucose is an

A

Aldohexose

62
Q

Primary source of energy and naturally found in blood

A

Glucose

63
Q

lowers blood glucose

A

Glucagon

64
Q

Xylose is a

A

Ketoaldose

65
Q

Xylose other name

A

Wood sugar

66
Q

It is obtain from boiling corn cab with acid

A

Xylose

67
Q

Diagnostic agent for intestinal malabsorption

A

Xylose

68
Q

Fructose is a

A

Ketohexoses

69
Q

Fructose other name

A

Levulose, Fruit Sugar

70
Q

mixture of equal amounts of glucose and fructose

A

Invert sugar

71
Q

It is a test that is positive only in ketoses

A

Seliwanoff’s Test

72
Q

Seliwanoff’s Test result

A

Cherry red

73
Q

Galactose is a

A

Aldohexose

74
Q

Galactose other name

A

Brain sugar

75
Q

act as important component of myelin sheath which is a protective covering of neuron and responsible for rapid transmission of neurons

A

Galactocerebroside

76
Q

C4 epimer of glucose

A

Galactose

77
Q

if this enzyme is low = galactosemia

A

Galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase

78
Q

Test for galactose

A

Mucic acid test

79
Q

Mucic acid test result

A

Crystal formation

80
Q

Mannose is an

A

aldohexose

81
Q

Other name of mucic acid

A

Galactaric acid

BIOCHEM (7 decks)

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