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BIOCHEM > BIOCHEM PART 1 > Flashcards

BIOCHEM PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

science concerned with the chemical basis of life

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

chemical constituents of living cells and with the reactions and processes they undergo.

A

Biochemistry

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3
Q

a study of the compounds and processes associated with living organisms

A

Biochemistry

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4
Q

A term referring to organic compound which are essential to life

A

Biomolecule

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5
Q

Cell to organism arrangement

A

Cell —> Tissues —> Organs—> Organ system —> Organisms

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6
Q

most abundant component of cell

A

Water

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7
Q

Organic molecule percentage

A

25% to 30%

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8
Q

Nucleic acids percentage

A

7% to 10%

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9
Q

Proteins percentage

A

10% to 20%

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10
Q

Carbohydrates percentage

A

2% to 5%

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11
Q

Lipids percentage

A

3%

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12
Q

It is also the most abundant biomolecule in the cell.

A

Nucleic acids

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13
Q

contain different organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

cytoplasm + nucleus

A

Protoplasm

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15
Q

Cell membrane other name

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE/ PLASMA LEMMA

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16
Q

The outermost structure of the cell that decides its contour

A

Cell membrane

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17
Q

outer covering of the cell that encloses the cytoplasm.

A

Cell membrane

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18
Q

It controls the entry and exit of the cell and permits certain molecules to pass thru.

A

Cell membrane

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19
Q

Cell membrane is what type of permiability?

A

SEMIPERMEABLE

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20
Q

Main component of cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

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21
Q

Phospholipids has hydrophilic head (water loving) composed of

A

phosphate, choline and glycerol

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22
Q

Phospholipids has hydrophobic tail (water fearing) composed of

A

fatty acids

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23
Q

It is embedded in cell membrane composed of carbohydrates and lipids
and important in cell signaling and cell attachment.

A

Glycoprotein & Glycolipids

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24
Q

It controls the fluidity and rigidity of the cell.

A

Cholesterol

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25
Q

polysaturated fatty acids that is composed of 20 carbon

A

Arachidonic acid

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26
Q

polysaturated fatty acids that is composed of 20 carbon

A

Arachidonic acid

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27
Q

It is important in synthesis of eicosanoids.

A

Free arachidonic acid

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28
Q

Plants wall and sterol present

A

Cellulose; Phystosterol, B sitosterol

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29
Q

Bacteria wall and sterol present

A

Peptidoglycan; none

30
Q

Fungi wall and sterol present

A

Chitin; Ergosterol

31
Q

It is round centrally place structure that controls the various activities of the cell.

A

Nucleus

32
Q

Information center of eukaryotic cell. It is mainly concentrated in the form of chromosomes.

A

Nucleus

33
Q

It is only present in eukaryotic cells

A

Nucleus

34
Q

It is the term use without nuclear membrane

A

nucleoid

35
Q

It is the outer most layer of nucleus. It has nuclear pores that allows passage of large molecules

A

Nuclear membrane

36
Q

It is the site of ribosome assembly
and synthesis of DNA and RNA

A

Nucleolus

37
Q

It is a thread like structure that contains genetic formation

A

Chromosome

38
Q

It is form of DNA during cell division

A

Chromosomes

39
Q

untangled form of DNA in which it is wrapped around a protein (histone protein)

A

Chromatin

40
Q

half of chromosomes

A

Chromatid

41
Q

any abnormality in the number of chromosomes

A

Aneuploidy

42
Q

any abnormality in the number of chromosomes

A

Aneuploidy

43
Q

It is called down syndrome
where in triplicate copies of chromosome 21

A

Trisonomy 21

44
Q

Trisomy X is also called

A

• xxx syndrome
• super-female syndrome

45
Q

XXY syndrome is also called

A

Klinefelter syndrome

46
Q

a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function.

A

Organelles

47
Q

It has an inner and outer membrane which consists of proteins and phospholipids.

A

Mitochondria

48
Q

It has many energy producing activities
and “Powerhouse of the cell”

A

Mitochondria

49
Q

molecule present in mitochondria

A

Cardiolipin

50
Q

molecule present in mitochondria

A

Cardiolipin

51
Q

It play a role in different metabolic reactions.

A

Cardiolipin

52
Q

It is located in inner mitochondria membrane. It is the folds in the inner membrane.

A

Cristae

53
Q

It is called as ‘SUICIDAL BAGS’ of the cell, it digest the molecules brought into the cell by phagocytosis.

A

Lysosomes

54
Q

Lysosomes is also called

A

Also called demolition sites; Scavenger of the cell

55
Q

Are also small vesicles surrounded by a membrane. They are also called as MICROBODIES.

A

Perixosomes

56
Q

They contain enzymes for H2O2 metabolism. It contains oxidase enzymes and uses O2 to detoxify harmful substances such as ROS

A

Peroxisomes

57
Q

A severe form of absence or reduction of the no. of functional peroxisomes

A

Zellwegers syndrome

58
Q

Zellwegers syndrome is aka

A

Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome

59
Q

medium severity of absence or reduction of the no. of functional peroxisomes

A

Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy

60
Q

least severe form of absence or reduction of the no. of functional peroxisomes

A

Infantile refsum disease

61
Q

fluid filled cisterns

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

62
Q

It is involved in protein synthesis and ribosomes are present.

A

Rough E.R.

63
Q

It is involved in lipids synthesis, lipid metabolism and detoxification and ribosomes are NOT present

A

Smooth E.R.

64
Q

are well developed in cells, which are involved in SECRETION

A

Golgi apparatus

65
Q

It is involved in glycosylation and sulfation of proteins.

A

Golgi apparatus

66
Q

Very small macromolecular complexes composed of rRNA and proteins responsible in protein synthesis (translation) on mRNA templates.

A

Ribosomes

67
Q

Eukaryotic cell ribosome units

A

60s + 40s

68
Q

Prokaryotic cell ribosome units

A

50s + 30s

69
Q

30s examples

A

tetracycline and aminoglycosides

70
Q

50s examples

A

chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincomycin, streptogamins

71
Q

manufacture storage of food

A

Plastid

BIOCHEM (7 decks)

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