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BATTERY REVIEWER - BIOCHEM > BIOCHEM - MIDTERM > Flashcards

BIOCHEM - MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a pentose?

A

FRUCTOSE

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2
Q

A Polysaccharide which is often called animal starch is

A

GLYCOGEN

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3
Q

Interconversion of α form to β form

A

MUTAROTATION

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4
Q

Which is NOT characteristic of the genetic code?

A

OVERLAPPING

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5
Q

What causes formation of highly reactive free radicals in the DNA?

A

X-RAY

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6
Q

The removal of incorrect nucleotides immediately after they are added to the growing DNA during replication is known as

A

PROOFREADING

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7
Q

How many possible codons code for amino acids?

A

61

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8
Q

In DNA extraction, which of the following chemicals dissolve the membrane components of the cell?

A

DETERGENTS

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9
Q

What strand of the DNA has the gene base sequence that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein?

A

SENSE STRAND

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10
Q

With regards to the Michaelis-Menten equation, a molecule that has the effect of increasing the Vmax start text, end text, start subscript, m, a, x, end subscript of a reaction upon binding to an enzyme would be called what?

A

ACTIVATOR

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11
Q

What repair mechanism involves photolyase, which removes the covalent bond between pyrimidine dimmers?

A

LIGHT REPAIR

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12
Q

What is the linkage that is formed when two monosaccharides react to form a disaccharide?

A

GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE (because,
monosaccharides)

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13
Q

What repair mechanism must recognize the methylated DNA strand to properly repair an error in DNA base pairing?

A

MISMATCH REPAIR

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14
Q

In DNA extraction, addition of lysis solution will:

A

ELIMINATE PROTEINS AND LIPIDS

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15
Q

These sugars cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

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16
Q

What feature does a carbohydrate possessed that generates stereoisomerism?

A

PRESENCE OF CHIRAL CENTER

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17
Q

RNA splicing is involved in

A

REMOVAL OF INTRONS IN THE PRIMARY TRANSCRIPT

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18
Q

Which of the following is a mismatch?

A

TEMPLATE – DOUBLE STRANDED DNA (ALL THROUGHOUT THE REACTION)

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19
Q

Which of the following compounds IS NOT considered as an irreversible inhibitor?

A

METHOTREXATE

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20
Q

Primer used for the process of polymerase chain reaction are ()

A

SINGLE STRANDED DNA OLIGONUCLEOTIDE

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21
Q

A solution that contains DNA fragments of known lengths in base pairs.

A

DNA LADDER

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22
Q

The DNA or RNA used in a PCR reaction serves as the:

A

TEMPLATE

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23
Q

What sugar is the major metabolic fuel of mammals?

A

GLUCOSE

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24
Q

What is the major difference between glucose and fructose?

A

TYPE OF CARBONYL FUNCTIONAL GROUP

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25
Q

What are the two different glucose- containing polysaccharides can be isolated from
starch?

A

AMYLOSE; AMYLOPECTIN

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26
Q

The monosaccharide units are linked by α 1- 4 glycosidic linkage in

A

MALTOSE

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27
Q

Which of the following describes the relationship between the linear forms of D- glucose and D-galactose that differ only in stereochemical configuration at the fourth carbon?

A

THEY ARE EPIMERS

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28
Q

Which is NOT a modification that occurs after synthesis of a polypeptide?

A

ADDITION OF A 5’ CAP

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29
Q

What enzyme classes catalyze reactions in which two molecules become dissociated from each other?

A

HYDROLASE

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30
Q

Which of the statements regarding enzymes is UNACCEPTABLE?

A

ENZYME ACTIVITY CANNOT BE REGULATED

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31
Q

It is the simplest sugar

A

DEHYDROXYACETONE

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32
Q

What RNA is NOT involved in the translation process?

A

snRNA

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33
Q

The genetic code is found in

A

mRNA

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34
Q

In RNA synthesis, the DNA template must be separated. Which of the following separates the DNA strands?

A

SIGMA SUBUNIT OF RNA POLYMERASE

35
Q

In a cyclic structure, this linkage is formed by reacting the aldehyde group and a hydroxyl group

A

HEMIACETAL

36
Q

The anticodon is found in

A

tRNA

37
Q

Which statement is true?

A

IN EUKARYOTES, THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT RIBOSOMES ARE PRESENT IN THE NUCLEUS

38
Q

Penicillin is an example of what type of enzyme inhibitor?

A

IRREVERSIBLE

39
Q

What stains can be used to visualize DNA gel electrophoresis band?

A

ANY FLUORESCENT DYE THAT HAS AFFINITY WITH DNA

40
Q

What eliminates protein in the sample during DNA extraction?

A

PROTEINASE K

41
Q

Which is INCORRECT regarding transcription in prokaryotes?

A

DNA PRIMER IS USED INSTEAD OF RNA PRIMER

42
Q

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the:

A

ACTIVE SITE

43
Q

When DNA copies are multiplied at a rapid rate, this is referred to as () amplification.

A

EXPONENTIAL

44
Q

An amylose polymer and a glycogen polymer, each containing 100 monosaccharide subunits, are cleaved completely by an enzyme. How many individual glucose molecules are created during this process?

A

200

45
Q

Which of the following is TRUE for D- and L- isomerism?

A

The orientation of the -OH groups at the highest numbered chiral determines whether the sugar belongs to the D or L series.

46
Q

The first aminoacyl-tRNA that binds the ribosome during protein synthesis in prokaryotes is:

A

fmet – tRNA

47
Q

Which is INCORRECT concerning RNA polymerase in prokaryotes?

A

The sigma subunit is responsible for the termination of transcription

48
Q

What enzyme activates amino acids prior to protein synthesis?

A

AMINO ACYL – tRNAsynthetase

49
Q

It is a protein molecule that has one or more carbohydrate units covalently bonded to it

A

GLYCOPROTEIN

50
Q

What enzyme classes catalyze reactions in which two molecules are covalently connected to each other?

A

LIGASE

51
Q

Which is INCORRECT regarding RNA synthesis in eukaryotes?

A

ONLY ONE RNA POLYMERASE IS INVOLVED

52
Q

The -10 region of prokaryotic promoter is also known as

A

PRIBNOW BOX

53
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the polysaccharides glycogen and cellulose?

A

ONLY GLYCOGEN MOLECULES HAVE BRANCHING REGIONS

54
Q

Which of the following statements is true about migration of biomolecules?

A

RATE OF MIGRATION IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO CURRENT

55
Q

Termination of transcription is facilitated by

A

RHO PROTEIN

56
Q

The relationship between an enzyme and a substrate molecule can best be described as:

A

A TEMPORARY ASSOCIATION

57
Q

Which carries the amino-acid to the ribosomes during protein synthesis?

A

tRNA

58
Q

The basic steps in protein synthesis are the same for both prokaryote and eukaryote.
One difference is

A

THE FORMATION OF POLYSOMES

59
Q

An equipment used in PCR that is programmed to shift the levels of temperature giving way to the three stages of PCR cycles:

A

THERMAL CYCLER

60
Q

What name is given to any (organic or inorganic) nonprotein portion of an enzyme?

A

COFACTOR

61
Q

What cannot be oxidized by Benedict’s and Fehling’s reagents?

A

SUCROSE

62
Q

Which of the following is true of enzymes?

A

They increase the rate of reaction by stabilizing the transition state

63
Q

They are sugars in which the terminal carbon’s hydroxyl group has been oxidized to a carboxylic acid

A

URONIC ACID

64
Q

The eukaryote small ribosomal subunit is

A

40S

65
Q

A PCR reaction that continues for 30 cycles will produce approximately how many PCR products from a single template DNA molecule?

A

APPROXIMATELY 1 BILLION

66
Q

Temperature level required for elongation step of PCR: Choose the closest range.

A

70-75° C

67
Q

For each generation of each cell, how many rounds of replication occur?

A

ONE

68
Q

At least how many cycles of PCR are needed to produce an adequate amount of DNA strands?

A

30

69
Q

It is a polysaccharide in which only one type of monosaccharide monomer is present

A

HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDE

70
Q

What structural feature distinguishes an aldose and a ketose?

A

AN ALDOSE POSSESS AN ALDEHYDE GROUP, AND A KETOSE POSSESS A KETONE GROUP

71
Q

The initiating codon in for most translation processes is

A

AUG

72
Q

What compounds is a COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR to dihydrofolate reductase?

A

METHOTREXATE

73
Q

Carbohydrates is made up of different components such as

A

CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN

74
Q

What is the effect of UVL in the DNA?

A

IT WILL CAUSE PYRIMIDINE DIMER FUNCTION

75
Q

At the initiation stage of protein synthesis, fmet-tRNA binds to this site of the big ribosomal subunit

A

P

76
Q

In prokaryotes, the small ribosomal subunit uses this as a guide to find the first codon to be translated

A

SHINE DALGARNO SEQUENCE

77
Q

What is meant when it is said that carbohydrates are optically active compounds?

A

A SOLUTION OF CARBOHYDRATE WILL ROTATE THE PLANE OF POLARIZED LIGHT

78
Q

S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) is a molecule utilized in various metabolic pathways to transfer methyl groups from SAM to an acceptor. What is the proper designation of the complex of SAM and its enzyme together?

A

HOLOENZYME

79
Q

The big subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome is

A

50S

80
Q

In sequential order, what are the three steps of PCR?

A

DENATURE DNA, ANNEAL PRIMERS, EXTEND PRIMER/ DNA

81
Q

The transition state of a catalyzed reaction is

A

LOWER IN ENERGY THAN THAT OF AN UNCATALYZED REACTION

82
Q

What sugar rotates at +66.5°?

A

SUCROSE

83
Q

The following terminate protein synthesis EXCEPT

A

UUA

84
Q

Prior to a marathon run, an athlete consumes a large amount of complex carbohydrates to do what is known as “carbohydrate loading”. What happens in the body to the glucose molecules present in these complex carbohydrates? (additional 30s)

A

The complex carbohydrates are broken down to glucose and any excess glucose, not used for immediate energy, is stored in the form of glycogen, which can be used later as a source of stored energy.

BATTERY REVIEWER - BIOCHEM (3 decks)

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