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BATTERY REVIEWER - BIOCHEM > BIOCHEM - FINALS > Flashcards

BIOCHEM - FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme is directly responsible in ATP production during chemiosmosis?

A

ATP SYNTHASE

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2
Q

What is the process that releases energy?

A

CATABOLISM

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3
Q

The main function of this compound is the transfer of long-chain fatty acids to mitochondria for subsequent β-oxidation.

A

CARNITINE

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4
Q

Vitamin B2 is also known as

A

RIBOFLAVIN

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5
Q

What is associated with a negative nitrogen balance?

A

STARVATION

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6
Q

In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis takes place in the:

A

CYTOPLASM

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7
Q

What is the effect of Vitamin D to blood calcium levels?

A

IT INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM

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8
Q

This is the active form of Vitamin D:

A

1,25 – DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D

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9
Q

What is the chemical structure of a biological wax?

A

A MONOESTER FROM LONG CHAIN ALCOHOL AND LONG CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID

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10
Q

Arrange the following steps of beta- oxidation in the correct order:
I. hydration across the double bond to put a hydroxyl group on carbon 3 in the L configuration;
II. thiolytic cleavage to release acetyl-CoA and a fatty acid two carbons shorter than the starting one.
III. dehydrogenation to create FADH2FADH2 and a fatty acyl group with a double bond in the trans configuration;
IV. Oxidation of the hydroxyl group to make a ketone;

A

III > I > IV > II

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11
Q

The breakdown of amino acid yields the following products, EXCEPT:

A

GLUCOSE – 6 – PHOSPHATE

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12
Q

What is needed from the Krebs Cycle in order for the Electron Transport Chain to occur?

A

FADH2/ NADH

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13
Q

Match the following primary nutritional groups with their correct definition.

Creatures utilizing inorganic compounds as electron/ hydrogen donors

A

LITHOTROPHS

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14
Q

Creatures that use organic compound as electron/hydrogendonors

A

ORGANOTROPHS

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15
Q

NOT produced in pentose phosphate pathway?

A

GLUCOSE – 6 – P

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16
Q

Which of the following amino acids DO NOT participate in the synthesis of glucose?

A

K, L

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17
Q

The only membrane bound enzyme in the citric acid cycle is ()

A

SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE

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18
Q

Movement across the membrane is against the concentration gradient

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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19
Q

Match the following high-energy yield molecules with the number of equivalent ATPs as they travel along electron transport chain.

A

FADH2 → 1.5-2.0 ATPs
-NADH → 2.5-3.0 ATPs

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20
Q

NADPH is used by most cells as

A

A REDUCING AGENT IN DETOXIFICATION REACTIONS

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21
Q

What happens during the first step of beta- oxidation?

A

FORMATION OF FATTY ACYL – CoA

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22
Q

Which high energy intermediate can generate more ATP through the electron transport chain?

A

NADH

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23
Q

The conversion to active form of Vitamin D happens in what organ?

A

KIDNEYS

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24
Q

In Anabolism, larger molecules are () from smaller ones, requiring input of energy.

A

SYNTHESIZED

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25
Q

What is the relationship between carbon chain length and melting point for fatty acids?

A

AS A CARBON CHAIN LEGTH INCREASES, MELTING POINT INCREASES

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26
Q

Where does the electron transport chain happen?

A

MITONCHONDRIAL MATRIX

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27
Q

vitamin K-dependent proteins have anticoagulation/ anti-clotting effect?

A

PROTEINS

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28
Q

In fatty acid synthesis, acetyl-CoA must be converted into this compound in order to get to the cytoplasm (from the mitochondrion). This compound is:

A

CITRATE

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29
Q

What membrane lipids does not contain a head and two tails structure?

A

CHOLESTEROL

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30
Q

Which portion of aerobic respiration results in the greatest amount of ATP production?

A

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

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31
Q

Where is beta oxidation taking place in mammals?

A

MITOCHONDRIA

32
Q

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions is called:

A

METABOLISM

33
Q

It is a process wherein carbon-carbon double bonds are broken down thus producing short chain aldehyde and carboxylic acid products

A

OXIDATION

34
Q

What products of Krebs’s Cycle are essential for oxidative phosphorylation?

A

NADH AND FADH2

34
Q

What products of Krebs’s Cycle are essential for oxidative phosphorylation?

A

NADH AND FADH2

35
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Vitamin C?

A

FACILITATES DEGRADATION OF COLLAGEN

36
Q

All are TRUE for Low density lipoproteins EXCEPT

A

CONTRIBUTES TO REDUCED BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELS

37
Q

Beta oxidation, the process by which fatty acids are broken down for energy production, takes place where?

A

MITOCHONDRIA ONLY

38
Q

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of

A

PYRUVATE TO GLUCOSE

39
Q

Lysine and threonine are amino acids that can be degraded directly into Acetyl- CoAwhich is used to synthesize fatty acids and ketoacids. These amino acids are characterized as:

A

KETOGENIC AMINO ACIDS

40
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A

ARE MORE STABLE THAN WATER – SOLUBLE VITAMINS

41
Q

All are TRUE for sphingophospholipids EXCEPT

A

THE CARBON CHAIN CONTAIN 20 CARBON ATOMS

42
Q

Sphingosine plus fatty acid is known as

A

CERAMIDE

43
Q

Water-soluble vitamins

A

CAN BE FOUND IN CITRUS FRUITS

44
Q

What is the major lipid-soluble antioxidant?

A

VITAMIN E

45
Q

Sphingoglycolipid is made up of

A

SPHINGOSINE, FATTY ACID AND MONOSACCHARIDE

46
Q

This means that the intake of nitrogen into the body is greater than the loss of nitrogen from the body, so there is an increase in the total body pool of protein.

A

POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE

47
Q

TRUE for Saturated Fatty acid

A

STRAIGHT CHAIN; SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE; HIGH MELTING POINT

48
Q

What is the product of electron transport chain mechanism?

A

WATER

49
Q

What is the final product of beta-oxidation of fatty acids?

A

ACETYL COA

50
Q

What type of metabolism is demonstrated in the reaction below? single protein strand –> many amino acids

A

CATABOLISM

51
Q

Correctly classify the following amino acids according to their role in gluconeogenesis(glucogenic) and ketogenesis (ketogenic).

A

-glycine → glucogenic only
-lysine → ketogenic only
-phenylalanine → both glucogenic and ketogenic

52
Q

What conditions is associated with a positive nitrogen balance?

A

PREGNANCY

53
Q

A type of glycolipid that contains a branched chain of up to seven monosaccharide residues

A

GANGLIOSIDE

54
Q

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ()

A

OXYGEN

55
Q

What amino acids participate in the synthesis of glucose?

A

-W, A, R, T
-H, A, R, P
-S, T, A, R, C, H

56
Q

Vitamin D regulates calcium level in the blood in conjuction with this hormone:

A

PARATHYROID HORMONE

57
Q

Beri-beri is caused by deficiency of:

A

VITAMIN B1

58
Q

What fat-soluble vitamins is responsible for blood clotting?

A

VITAMIN K

59
Q

Which of the following best describes a fatty acid structure?

A

CONTAINS MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID AND CONTAINS AN EVEN NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS

60
Q

What best describes a Cell Membrane?

A

POLAR HEADS ARE ON THE OUTSIDE SURFACES OF THE STRUCTURE

61
Q

Oxaloacetate is reduced to malate by

A

MALATE DEHYDROGENASE

62
Q

How do the mitochondria maintain the chemiosmotic gradient used for the electron transport chain?

A

THEY CONTINUOUSLY PUMP PROTONS FROM THE MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX INTO THE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE

63
Q

An example of a messenger lipids

A

STEROID HORMONES

64
Q

What is the source of carbon atoms for the synthesis of more complex lipids such as fatty acids, sterols and isoprenoids?

A

ACETYL- COA

65
Q

Which statement is NOT TRUE about beta- oxidation?

A

NONE

66
Q

-The energy yield for fatty acids is dependent on the number of C-C bonds.
-The longer the fatty acid chains, more ATPs are produced.
-Palmitic acid with 16 Carbons produces more energy than a 12-carbon containing fatty acid.

Which of the following is not an important precursor of glucose in animals?

A

GLUCOSE – 6 – PHOSPHATE

67
Q

This type of lipid contains two kinds of linkages

A

SPHINGOPHOSPHOLIPIDS

68
Q

What are the two families of lipids that have messenger functions?

A

STEROID HORMONES AND EICOSANOIDS

69
Q

Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic acid, and Glutamic acids are examples of amino acids that can be converted to glucose by the body. These amino acids are called:

A

GLUCOGENIC AMINO ACIDS

70
Q

For each molecule of glucose converted to pyruvate in the glycolytic pathway () molecules of ATP are used initially and () molecules of ATP are produced for an overall yield (net) of () molecules of ATP/glucose. The “ATP math” is:

A

-2 + 4 = 2

71
Q

TRUE for cholesterol?

A

Location of double bonds and location of substituents distinguish one steroid from another

72
Q

Match the following electron transport carrier designation with the correct protein complex.

A

-Complex I → NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase/NADH dehydrogenase
-Complex II → Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase,
-Complex III → Ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
-Complex IV → Cytochrome c oxidase
-Complex Q → Ubiquinone/ ubiquinol,

73
Q

What terms is applicable to Hydrolysis reaction?

A

GLYCEROL IS AMONG THE PRODUCTS

74
Q

This branch of science interprets the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.

A

NUTRITION

75
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate?

A

PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE

BATTERY REVIEWER - BIOCHEM (3 decks)

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