BIOCHEM--Metabolism Flashcards
Where does Alcohol dehydrogenase turn ethanol into acetaldehyde?
in the cytosol
What enzyme converts EtOH→Acetaldehyde in the peroxisome?
Catalase
What enzyme converts EtOH→Acetaldehyde in the microsome?
CYP2E1
MOA of Fomepizole
Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
What enzyme converts Acetaldehyde→Acetate
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
MOA of Disulfiram
Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
What is an indication for Fomepizole?
Is an antidote For Overdoses of Methanol or Ethylene glycol
Accumulation of ___ causes hangover symptoms
acetaldehyde
Where does Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase convert Acetaldehyde→Acetate?
mitochondria
What is the limiting reagent of EtOH metabolism?
NAD+
What kind of kinetics does alcohol dehydrogenase have?
zero-order
What (5) metabolic processes take place only in the mitochondria?
- TCA cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Fatty acid oxidation (β-oxidation)
- Acetyl-CoA production
- Ketogenesis
What (7) metabolic processes take place only in the cytoplasm?
- glycolysis
- HMP shunt
- Synthesis of steroids
- Synthesis of nucleotides
- Synthesis of proteins
- Synthesis of fatty acids
- Synthesis of cholesterol
Which (3) metabolic processes occur in both the mitochondria and the cytoplams?
- Heme Synthesis
- Urea Cycle
- Gluconeogenesis
“HUGS take 2 (both)”
Kinase
Catalyzes a transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy molecule (usually ATP) to a substrate
phosphorylase
Adds inorganic phosphate onto a substrate w/o using ATP
Phosphatase
Removes phosphate group from substrate
Dehydrogenase
Catalyses oxidation-reduction reactions
Hydroxylase
Adds hydroxyl group (-OH) onto a substrate
Carboxylase
Transfers CO2 groups w/ the help of biotin
Mutase
Relocates a functional group w/i a molecule
Synthase/Synthetase
Joins two molecules together using a source of energy
Rate Determining Enzyme: glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
Rate Determining Enzyme: Gluconeogenesis
Fructose-1,6-bisphophatase
Rate Determining Enzyme: TCA cycle
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
Rate Determining Enzyme: Glycogenesis
Glycogen synthase
Rate Determining Enzyme: Glycogenolysis
Glycogen phosphorylase
Rate Determining Enzyme: HMP Shunt
Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)
Rate Determining Enzyme: De novo pyrimidine synthesis
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II
Rate Determining Enzyme: De novo purine synthesis
Glutamine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase
Rate Determining Enzyme: urea cycle
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
Rate Determining Enzyme: Fatty Acid synthesis
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
(ACC)
Rate Determining Enzyme: fatty acid oxidation
Carnitine acyltransferase I
Rate Determining Enzyme: Ketogenesis
HMG-CoA synthase
Rate Determining Enzyme: cholesterol synthesis
HMG-CoA reductase
Regulators of PFK-1
AMP ⨁
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ⨁
ATP ⊖
Citrate ⊖
Regulators of Fructose-1,6-bisphophatase
Citrate ⨁
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ⊖
AMP ⊖
Regulators of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
ADP ⨁
ATP ⊖
NADH ⊖
Regulators of Glycogen synthase
Glucose-6-phosphate ⨁ insulin ⨁ cortisol ⨁ epinephrin ⊖ glucagon ⊖
Regulators of Glycogen phosphorylase
Epinephrin ⨁ glucagon ⨁ AMP ⨁ Glucose-6-phophate ⊖ insulin ⊖ ATP ⊖
Regulators of G6PD
NADP+ ⨁
NADPH ⊖
Regulators of Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II
ATP ⨁
PRPP ⨁
UTP ⊖
Regulators of Glutamine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase
AMP ⊖
inosine monophosphate (IMP) ⊖
GMP ⊖
Regulators of Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
N-acetylglutamate ⨁
Regulators of ACC
Insulin ⨁
citrate ⨁
glucagon ⊖
palmitoyl-CoA ⊖
Regulators of Carnitine acyltransferase I
Malonyl-CoA ⊖
Regulators of HMG-CoA synthase
none i guess
Regulators of HMG-CoA reductase
insulin ⨁
thyroxine ⨁
glucagon ⊖
cholesterol ⊖
aerobic metabolism of 1 glucose molecule produces ___ ATP via the malate-aspartate shuttle
32
aerobic metabolism of 1 glucose molecule produces ___ ATP via the glycerol-3-phsophate shuttle
30
___ ___ only produces 2 net ATP per glucose molecule
anareobic glycolysis
What affect does arsenic have on glycolysis?
produce 0 net ATP
NAD+ used in ___ processes
catabolic
NADPH used in ___ processes
anabolic