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Board Review > BIOCHEM--Metabolism > Flashcards

BIOCHEM--Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Where does Alcohol dehydrogenase turn ethanol into acetaldehyde?

A

in the cytosol

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2
Q

What enzyme converts EtOH→Acetaldehyde in the peroxisome?

A

Catalase

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3
Q

What enzyme converts EtOH→Acetaldehyde in the microsome?

A

CYP2E1

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4
Q

MOA of Fomepizole

A

Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

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5
Q

What enzyme converts Acetaldehyde→Acetate

A

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

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6
Q

MOA of Disulfiram

A

Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

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7
Q

What is an indication for Fomepizole?

A

Is an antidote For Overdoses of Methanol or Ethylene glycol

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8
Q

Accumulation of ___ causes hangover symptoms

A

acetaldehyde

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9
Q

Where does Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase convert Acetaldehyde→Acetate?

A

mitochondria

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10
Q

What is the limiting reagent of EtOH metabolism?

A

NAD+

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11
Q

What kind of kinetics does alcohol dehydrogenase have?

A

zero-order

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12
Q

What (5) metabolic processes take place only in the mitochondria?

A
  1. TCA cycle
  2. Oxidative phosphorylation
  3. Fatty acid oxidation (β-oxidation)
  4. Acetyl-CoA production
  5. Ketogenesis
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13
Q

What (7) metabolic processes take place only in the cytoplasm?

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. HMP shunt
  3. Synthesis of steroids
  4. Synthesis of nucleotides
  5. Synthesis of proteins
  6. Synthesis of fatty acids
  7. Synthesis of cholesterol
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14
Q

Which (3) metabolic processes occur in both the mitochondria and the cytoplams?

A
  1. Heme Synthesis
  2. Urea Cycle
  3. Gluconeogenesis

“HUGS take 2 (both)”

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15
Q

Kinase

A

Catalyzes a transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy molecule (usually ATP) to a substrate

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16
Q

phosphorylase

A

Adds inorganic phosphate onto a substrate w/o using ATP

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17
Q

Phosphatase

A

Removes phosphate group from substrate

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18
Q

Dehydrogenase

A

Catalyses oxidation-reduction reactions

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19
Q

Hydroxylase

A

Adds hydroxyl group (-OH) onto a substrate

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20
Q

Carboxylase

A

Transfers CO2 groups w/ the help of biotin

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21
Q

Mutase

A

Relocates a functional group w/i a molecule

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22
Q

Synthase/Synthetase

A

Joins two molecules together using a source of energy

23
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: glycolysis

A

Phosphofructokinase-1
(PFK-1)

24
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: Gluconeogenesis

A

Fructose-1,6-bisphophatase

25
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: TCA cycle

A

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

26
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: Glycogenesis

A

Glycogen synthase

27
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: Glycogenolysis

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

28
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: HMP Shunt

A

Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase
 (G6PD)

29
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: De novo pyrimidine synthesis

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

30
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: De novo purine synthesis

A

Glutamine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase

31
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: urea cycle

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

32
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: Fatty Acid synthesis

A

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase


(ACC)

33
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: fatty acid oxidation

A

Carnitine acyltransferase I

34
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: Ketogenesis

A

HMG-CoA synthase

35
Q

Rate Determining Enzyme: cholesterol synthesis

A

HMG-CoA reductase

36
Q

Regulators of PFK-1

A

AMP ⨁
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ⨁
ATP ⊖
Citrate ⊖

37
Q

Regulators of Fructose-1,6-bisphophatase

A

Citrate ⨁

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ⊖

AMP ⊖

38
Q

Regulators of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

A

ADP ⨁

ATP ⊖

NADH ⊖

39
Q

Regulators of Glycogen synthase

A 
Glucose-6-phosphate ⨁

insulin ⨁

cortisol ⨁

epinephrin ⊖

glucagon ⊖
40
Q

Regulators of Glycogen phosphorylase

A 
Epinephrin ⨁

glucagon ⨁

AMP ⨁ 

Glucose-6-phophate ⊖

insulin ⊖

ATP ⊖
41
Q

Regulators of G6PD

A

NADP+ ⨁


NADPH ⊖

42
Q

Regulators of Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

A

ATP ⨁

PRPP ⨁

UTP ⊖

43
Q

Regulators of Glutamine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase

A

AMP ⊖

inosine monophosphate (IMP) ⊖

GMP ⊖

44
Q

Regulators of Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

A

N-acetylglutamate ⨁

45
Q

Regulators of ACC

A

Insulin ⨁

citrate ⨁

glucagon ⊖

palmitoyl-CoA ⊖

46
Q

Regulators of Carnitine acyltransferase I

A

Malonyl-CoA ⊖

47
Q

Regulators of HMG-CoA synthase

A

none i guess

48
Q

Regulators of HMG-CoA reductase

A

insulin ⨁

thyroxine ⨁

glucagon ⊖

cholesterol ⊖

49
Q

aerobic metabolism of 1 glucose molecule produces ___ ATP via the malate-aspartate shuttle

A

32

50
Q

aerobic metabolism of 1 glucose molecule produces ___ ATP via the glycerol-3-phsophate shuttle

A

30

51
Q

___ ___ only produces 2 net ATP per glucose molecule

A

anareobic glycolysis

52
Q

What affect does arsenic have on glycolysis?

A

produce 0 net ATP

53
Q

NAD+ used in ___ processes

A

catabolic

54
Q

NADPH used in ___ processes

A

anabolic

Board Review (11 decks)

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