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biochem lec > biochem lesson 1-3 > Flashcards

biochem lesson 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

electrolytes that maintain osmotic pressure and water distribution in the various body fluid compartment

A

Sodium, chloride, and potassium

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2
Q

these electrolytes that participate in catalaysis as cofactor for enzymes

A

Magnesium, calcium, and zinc

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3
Q

these are electrolytes that participate in the regulation of proper function of the heart and other muscles

A

Potassium magnesium and calcium

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4
Q

These electrolytes maintain the proper pH or acid-base balance

A

Bicarbonate potassium and chloride

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5
Q

This involved in oxidation reduction reactions

A

Electrolytes

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6
Q

This electrolyte is important in releasing of hormones and regulation of nerves found more in the ICF

A

Calcium

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7
Q

Regulate muscle and nerve actions also used in DNA synthesis found more in the ICF

A

Magnesium

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8
Q

Used as a building block in cell energy, predominant an ion in intracellular than extracellular

A

Phosphate

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9
Q

Electrolyte that regulates fluid muscle contraction and normal blood pressure

A

Potassium

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10
Q

It is predominant cation in the ICF

A

Potassium

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11
Q

This electrolyte maintains as a balance, and it can be found in the ICF and ECF

A

Bicarbonate

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12
Q

It is the biggest and major buffer of the body

A

Bicarbonate

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13
Q

Maintains pH, facilitate flows off oxygen and carbon dioxide within the cell

A

Chloride

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14
Q

Predominant anion in the ECF

A

Chloride

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15
Q

osmotically active cation in the extracellular fluid

A

Sodium

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16
Q

Fluid that fills up the blood vessel

A

Intravascular fluid

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17
Q

Fluid that fills up of the spaces between or around cells

A

Interstitial fluid

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18
Q

It is found in the lymph cerebrospinal fluid and phlegm

A

Interstitial fluid

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19
Q

Total composition of intravascular fluid

A

1/3 or 7%

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20
Q

Total composition of interstitial fluid

A

2/3 or 26%

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21
Q

Fluid that fill up the spaces of chambers formed from the lining of the epithelial cells

A

Transcellular fluid

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22
Q

The body fluid located outside the cell of an organism

A

Extracellular fluid

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23
Q

The body fluid located within the cell of an organism

A

Intracellular fluid

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24
Q

Total body water composition in extra cellular fluid

A

26%

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25
Q

Total body water composition in intracellular fluid

A

67%

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26
Q

It is an irregular shape of RBC: Indication of severe dehydration

A

Burr cell

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27
Q

Anything that flows or assumes the shape of its container

A

Liquid

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28
Q

Takes up 50 to 60% of the body mass

A

Fluid

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29
Q

It is a water-based liquid containing ions sell solutes that is essential in transporting products of metabolism such as nutrients

A

Fluid

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30
Q

With electrolytes and dissolve molecules

A

Fluid

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31
Q

Series of reactions regenerate the first reactant

A

Cyclic metabolic pathway

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32
Q

Materials that are needed will branch out

A

Branch metabolic pathway

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33
Q

Series of reactions generates a final product

A

Linear metabolic pathway

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34
Q

Chemical messengers produced or released by the organs to influence reactions

A

Hormones

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35
Q

catalyst that speeds up the reaction

A

Enzyme

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36
Q

Enzyme for digestion

A

amylase and pepsin

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37
Q

Hormone for digestion

A

Gastrin

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38
Q

hormones for cellular level or diagnosis for diabetes

A

Insulin

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39
Q

True or false: metabolic pathways prevents very large chemical energy releases which would be damaging to cells

A

True

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40
Q

Metabolic pathaways does not allow pathways to be directed to different end products

A

False because it allows

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41
Q

True or false: metabolic pathways do not permit control of the rate and direction of the cellular activity

A

False because it permits

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42
Q

Metabolic pathways permits branch point

A

true

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43
Q

It is an organize sequence of chemical reactions

A

Metabolic pathways

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44
Q

It is similar to synthetic work and involves reactants and the product

A

Chemical work

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45
Q

Acts as a gateway to allow glucose or other material to enter or exit

A

Channel protein

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46
Q

Similar to osmotic work as the ions or substances are going in and going out of the concentration gradient

A

Transport work

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47
Q

Glucose breaks down the bands to convert to ATP, what cellular work is this?

A

Synthetic work

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48
Q

a change in chemical bonds required to generate complex molecules from simple precursors

A

Synthetic work

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49
Q

Compounds and ions are often move against a concentration gradient

A

Osmotic or electrical work

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50
Q

Water go against the high concentration of salt in the plasma membrane and what type of work is this

A

Electrical work

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51
Q

Change of location or posture of an organism cell or cellular structure

A

Mechanical work

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52
Q

What type of work that when DNA molecules move toward each other to form a helix

A

Mechanical work

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53
Q

Starting point in krebs cycle

A

Pyruvate

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54
Q

end product of krebs cycle

A

ATP

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55
Q

Ends with ATP and pyruvate

A

Glycolytic pathway

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56
Q

He is the founder of bio chemistry

A

karl schelle

57
Q

He is the father of bio chemistry and coined the term bio chemistry

A

carl newberg

58
Q

Discovered glycolytic pathway

A

embden and mayerhoff

59
Q

Discovered rotary engine

A

paul boyer and jay walker

60
Q

Discover double helical structure of the DNA

A

james watson and francis cricks

61
Q

Discovered sodium potassium pump

A

danish j. skou

62
Q

Discovered organism causing mad cow disease

A

stanley fruisner

63
Q

discovered krebs cycle

A

hans kreb

64
Q

Demonstrated alcoholic fermentation incell-free yeast

A

eduard buchner’s

65
Q

Disprove Vitalism

A

friedrich wohler

66
Q

He synthesize urea from ammonium cyanate

A

friedrich wohler

67
Q

He said that respiration requires oxygen

A

antoine lavoisier

68
Q

Compounds found on the living organism can only be produced by the organism and cannot be produced elsewhere

A

Vitalism

69
Q

What year did the starting point of bio chemistry

A

1893

70
Q

Discovered chromosomes

A

walter flemming

71
Q

Formulated cell theory

A

schleiden and schwann

72
Q

Major substances from animal was identified as

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

73
Q

It is a recreation of primitive Earth atmosphere leading to spontaneous formation of amino acids and other biological compounds

A

miller-urey experiment

74
Q

It is a type of metabolism that refers to all of the synthesis reactions that occur in your body

A

Anabolism

75
Q

It is a type of metabolism that refers to the decomposition reactions that occur in your body

A

catabolism

76
Q

It is a type of reaction that the product can revert to the original reactants

A

Reversible reaction

77
Q

It is a type of reactions that splits up large molecules into smaller atoms ions or molecules

A

decomposition reaction

78
Q

This reaction consist of both synthesis and decomposition reaction

A

Exchange reaction

79
Q

It is a reaction that combine two or more atoms ions or molecules to form new and larger molecules

A

Synthesis reaction

80
Q

Chemical compounds that speed up chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for every action to occur

A

Catalyst

81
Q

It is an enzyme used to break down carbohydrates

A

amylase

82
Q

Energy stored by matter due to its position

A

Potential energy

83
Q

Energy associated with matter in motion

A

Kinetic energy

84
Q

Collision energy needed to break the chemical bonds of the reactant molecules so a reaction can start

A

Activation energy

85
Q

energy that stored in the bonds of compounds and molecule

A

Chemical energy

86
Q

The capacity to do work

A

Energy

87
Q

The energy currency of cell to cell interaction

A

Adenosine triphosphate

88
Q

Series of reactions that occur within Cells of living organism to sustain life

A

Metabolism

89
Q

4 most important electrolytes we measure through blood

A

Sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium

90
Q

Electrolytes for kidney

A

Sodium and chloride

91
Q

Electrolyte for heart

A

Potassium

92
Q

Electrolyte for bones and tissues

A

Magnesium

93
Q

It is the least important electrolyte we measure through blood

A

calcium

94
Q

Ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in solution

A

Electrolytes

95
Q

Negatively charged ion

A

Anion

96
Q

Positively charged ion

A

cation

97
Q

It is a chemical energy that holds the bond hydrogen together and is common for hydrogen containing compounds

A

Hydrogen bond

98
Q

It is a bond formed by a strong force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic bonds

99
Q

It is a bond formed between two combining atoms by sharing of electrons

A

Covalent bond

100
Q

Forces that hold together the atoms of each molecule or compound

A

Chemical bonds

101
Q

Atom or group of atoms with an unpaired Electron

A

Free radical

102
Q

It is a branch of chemistry that involves studying the atoms and molecules of life

A

Organic chemistry

103
Q

It is a branch of chemistry that identify of materials in the mixture

A

Analytical chemistry

104
Q

It is a branch of chemistry that studies the behavior of atoms molecules and other chemical systems

A

Physical chemistry

105
Q

It is a branch of chemistry that he studies chemical materials that do not contain carbon

A

Inorganic chemistry

106
Q

It is a branch of chemistry that the study of chemical processes and interactions that occur inside the living organism

A

Biochemistry

107
Q

In general it is the study of the chemical substances found in living organisms in the chemical interaction of the substances with each other

A

Biochemistry

108
Q

Regenerative medicine, tissue transplantation and genetic diseases what branch of chemistry

A

Biochemistry

109
Q

It is for inorganic polymers production and research purposes

A

Inorganic chemistry

110
Q

it is for Research purposes

A

Physical chemistry

111
Q

It is for forensic laboratory’s, environmental or pharmaceutical companies

A

Analytical chemistry

112
Q

It is for flavorings, preservatives, polymer production, and agricultural chemicals

A

Organic chemistry

113
Q

Substances that do not contain carbon

A

Bioinorganic substances

114
Q

Substances that contain carbon

A

bioorganic substances

115
Q

what are the 2 biochemical substances

A

bioinorganic and bioorganic

116
Q

Example of bioinorganic substances

A

water(70%) and inorganic salt(5%)

117
Q

Example of bioorganic substances

A

proteins 15%, lipids 8%, carbohydrates 2%, nucleic acids 2%

118
Q

How many carbons in the nucleic acid

A

5 carbons

119
Q

Substance that has mass and takes up space by having a volume

A

Matter

120
Q

Compact and has a definite shape and volume

A

Solid

121
Q

Has a definite volume and assumes the shape of its container

A

Liquid

122
Q

Have neither a definite shape nor volume

A

Gases

123
Q

It is the smallest unit of matter

A

Atoms

124
Q

It is a basic composition of an atom

A

Subatomic particle’s

125
Q

an atom that has Positive charge

A

Protons

126
Q

An atom that has no charge

A

Neutron

127
Q

Atom that has negative charge

A

Electron

128
Q

a pure substance consisting of one type of atom

A

Chemical elements

129
Q

Letters that represent the elements name in English or Latin language

A

Chemical symbol

130
Q

An atom that has a positive or negative charge

A

Ion

131
Q

It is the process of giving up or gaining electrons

A

Ionization

132
Q

Loss of electrons causes the release of energy

A

Oxidation

133
Q

Gain of electrons causes gain of energy

A

Reduction

134
Q

Same time but different directions one loses and one gains energy

A

Redox reaction

135
Q

The combination of two or more atoms that share electron

A

Molecule

136
Q

Indicates the elements and the number of atoms of each element that make up in molecule

A

Molecular formula

137
Q

A substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements

A

Compounds

138
Q

It is the charges inside an atom

A

Subatomic particle’s

139
Q

Number of protons

A

Atomic number

biochem lec (8 decks)

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