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Integrated Exam 2/9 > Biochem - Collagen and GAGS > Flashcards

Biochem - Collagen and GAGS Flashcards

1
Q

Turnover time for collagen in anchoring fibers and peridontium?

A

24 hours

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2
Q

Where can TIV collagen be found?

A

Basement membrane

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3
Q

T3 collagen increases what?

A

Flexibility

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4
Q

What types of collagen in gingiva?

A

1,3,4,5,6

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5
Q

What types of collagen in perio ligament?

A

1,3,5

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6
Q

What types of collagen in cementum?

A

1,3,5 (sharpey fibers)

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7
Q

What types of collagen in alveolar bone?

A

1,3

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8
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

Ca5(PO4)3OH

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9
Q

What is known to have a high secretory component?

A

Odontoblastic processes (tubules)

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10
Q

What is required for a high secretory capacity?

A

RER, Golgi, and various vesicles

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11
Q

Protein that is similar to collagen in enamel mineralization process?

A

Amelogenin

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12
Q

Dentin process

A

RER (collagen is here) -> golgi -> secretory vesicles -> fuse with plasma membrane -> collagen is released -> fibrous network is formed and gets mineralized -> dentin

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13
Q

What is harder, enamel or dentin?

A

Enamel

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14
Q

T1 collagen AA composition

A
  • 33% glycine
  • 15% proline or hydroxyproline
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15
Q

What type of helix is collagen?

A
  • Left handed helix
  • 3 AA’s per turn (small diameter)
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16
Q

When 3 collagen chains come together, what do they form?

A
  • Triple helix
  • RIGHT handed
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17
Q

Collagen sequence

A

(Glycine - X - Y)n
*every 3rd residue is glycine

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18
Q

What is usually in the Y position in a collagen sequence?

A
  • HyPro
  • HyLys
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19
Q

Polymerized forms of collagen

A

T1- Fibril
T2- Fibril
T3- Fibril
T4- Sheet-like

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20
Q

Hydroxylation of Pro and Lys in collagen require:

A

O2
Fe2+
a-ketoglutarate
Vit C (ascorbic acid)

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21
Q

Scurvy is a deficiency in what vitamin?

A

Vit C

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22
Q

Scurvy can result in:

A
  • reduced collagen stability
  • skin legions
  • poor wound healing
  • breakage of blood vessels
23
Q

What are propieces and where are they found?

A
  • Extensions (on C and N termini) on collagen polypeptides that are not found in mature collagen
24
Q

What do C terminal propieces facilitate?

A

Triple helix formation

25
Q

What do propieces prevent?

A

Premature aggregation

26
Q

What is the purpose of gaps in the arrangement of triple helices?

A

Serve as a nucleation point for CaPO4 and mineralization of teeth and bone

27
Q

T4 collagen NC domain purpose

A

Leads to a mat-like structure (as opposed to bundles)

28
Q

What does HyPro do in terms of collagen denaturation?

A

It increases the temp needed to denature collagen from 24 to 39

29
Q

What does lysine amino oxidase require in order to function?

A

Copper

30
Q

What 2 things are needed in the diet for collagen metabolism?

A
  • Copper
  • Vitamin C
31
Q

How can thermal stability be increased?

A

Through covalent crosslinking of collagen triple helices

32
Q

Ehler Danlos IV

A

Premature degradation of T3 collagen (affects elasticity)

33
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta type 1

A

Decreased synthesis of T1 collagen (teeth and bone)

34
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta type 2 AND Dentineogenesis imperfecta type 1

A

Loss of function in triple helix region of T1 collagen (teeth and bone)

34
Q

Dentineogenesis imperfecta type 2 AND Dentine dysplasia

A
  • DSPP
  • Teeth only (no bone involvement)
34
Q

Definition of carbohydrates

A

Polyhydroxy aldehydes or keytones

34
Q

What is the critical role of DPP?

A
  • Binding to the cavities in the collagen fibrils and initiating the mineralization process
  • Would have weaker teeth without it
35
Q

Elastin…

A
  • Lacks any type of structure
  • Is cross-linked
  • Hydrophobic chains
  • When pressure is released, it snaps back on itself due to the hydrophobic interactions
36
Q

What is a C4 epimer of glucose?

A

Galactose

37
Q

What is a C2 epimer of glucose?

A

Mannose

38
Q

Glucose structure from C2-C5

A

down, up, down, up

39
Q

What happens to a carb when an O-Glycosidic bond is formed?

A

It becomes non-reducing because it no longer has a free aldehyde and is not in equilibrium with its straight chain form

40
Q

Humans lack an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing which type of linkages?

A

Beta 1-4 linkages

41
Q

What does cellulose pass through the GI tract as?

A

Fiber (It’s B 1-4 linked)

42
Q

What do you need to get into the secretory pathway and onto the plasma membrane during protein trafficking?

A

Into: signal peptide
Onto: stop transfer sequence

43
Q

N-linked glycosylation:

A
  • Asn-X-Ser or Asn-X-Thr
  • 14 residue core oligosaccharide is attached to Asn through an N-glycosidic bond
44
Q

What is dolichol?

A

A lipid that provides energy for forming N-glycosidic bonds

45
Q

What is a complex class?

A

Defined by sialic acid (nana)

46
Q

What is a high mannose class?

A

Defined by persistence of mannose residues

47
Q

How are core oligosaccharides added?

A

Cotranslationally

48
Q

How are core oligosaccharides anchored to the ER membrane?

A

Linkage with dolichol

49
Q

Glycosylation occurs through an ordered series of processing reactions that involves what?

A

Trimming and addition of carbs

50
Q

Function of glycosylation?

A
  • Protect proteins from degredation
  • Acts as a mechanical “stiff arm”
  • Mechanical recognition
51
Q

Failure to breakdown GAGs can lead to…

A

Muscopolysaccharidoses, buildup in the joints, and many syndromes and diseases

Integrated Exam 2/9 (11 decks)

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