BioChem 2.3 Carbohydrates

Question 1

Draw a diagram of two sugars forming maltose.

Answer 1

Maltose is disaccharide created through the condensation of two alpha glucose which are bonded through a glycosidic bond.

Question 2

How is sucrose formed?

Answer 2

Sucrose is a disaccharide formed through two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose.

Question 3

How is lactose formed?

Answer 3

Lactose is a disaccharide formed through two monosaccharides, galactose and glucose.

Question 4

How is maltose formed?

Answer 4

Maltose is formed through two alpha glucose.

Question 5

What are some structures of starch?

Answer 5

Starch is polysaccharide of alpha glucose which comes in the form of amylose and amylopectin together.

Question 6

What does amylose look like?

Answer 6

Amylose is a chain of alpha glucose bonds which is spiralled.

Question 7

What does amylopectin look like?

Answer 7

Amylopectin is similarly to amylose made of alpha glucose but it branched.

Question 8

How is cellulose formed?

Answer 8

Cellulose is polysaccharide made of a chain of beta glucose. It serves as a material to form plant cell walls.

Question 9

What does glycogen look like and what is it used for?

Answer 9

Glycogen is very similar to amylopectin and is therefore made of alpha glucose. It is more branched. It serves as an energy source in human liver and muscles.

Question 10

What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 10

Unsaturated fatty acids have double carbon-carbon bonds. This makes them bend.

Question 11

What is the difference between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 11

Monounsaturated fatty acids only have one double carbon-carbon bond. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have 2 or more double carbon-carbon bonds.

Question 12

What kind of carbohydrates are cis and trans associated with?

Answer 12

Cis and trans are structures of unsaturated fatty acids.

Question 13

Draw a molecular diagram of a cis unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 13

Cis resembles a C meaning that it curves back.

Question 14

Draw a molecular diagram of a trans unsaturated fatty acid.

Answer 14

Trans is a nonpolar molecule, this makes the fatty acid a kink but stay relatively linear

Question 15

How is triglyceride formed?

Answer 15

Triglyceride is formed through 3 fatty acids and a glycerol. The fatty acids attach themselves through condensation reaction which gives water as a byproduct

Question 16

Explain how to find out your BMI

Answer 16

1. Measure your mass with a scale in kg 2.Measure your height with a tape in meters 3. Divide your mass by your height squared => BMI = weight/ (height)^2

Question 17

Distinguish the differences of using lipids and carbohydrates as an energy source.

Answer 17

• **Lipids **are more suitable for long term energy storage. **Carbohydrates **are more suitable for short term energy storage.
• Lipids release double the amount of energy with the same amount of grams as carbohydrates. **Carbohydrates **release much less energy copared to lipids.
• Lipids are stored in specialized cells such as triglycerides in adipose. **Carbohydrates **are stored in muscle tissues and the liver. This makes lipids more readily stored than carbohydrates.
• Lipids take longer to break down. **Glycogen **is easier and faster to break down into glucose.

Question 18

How can trans fats and saturated fatty acids affect our health?

Answer 18

• There is a high correlation that a high intake of trans fats and saturated fatty acids.
• This is due to the fact that trans fats and saturated fatty acids can stack on each other and clot up blood vessels.