BioChem 2.1 Carbohydrates Flashcards
Which elements make up carbohydrates?
CHO - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Which elements make up Proteins?
CHON - Amino acid: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
What elements make up Lipids?
CHO - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What elements make up DNA?
CHOP - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphate
What is the definition of inorganic chemicals?
Mineral compounds such as salts, i.e. sodium chloride, potassium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, etc.
What is the definition of organic chemicals?
Carbon based molecules found in living organisms.
What are some exceptions of organic chemicals?
These carbon based molecules are found in living organisms but are considered inorganic: Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide Carbonates Hydrogen Carbonates
Is it possible to produce organic chemicals without use of living organisms?
Friedrich Wöhler has proven that you can artificially make urea in laboratory. As Urea is an organic matter, you can produce organic matter with inorganic matter without vital force.
Draw a diagram of ribose.
Ribose is a pentose sugar. It is a monosaccharide.
Draw a diagram of alpha glucose.
Glucose is a hexose sugar. It is a monosaccharide.
Draw a diagram of beta glucose.
Glucose is a hexose sugar. It is a monosaccharide.
How is sucrose created?
Sucrose is disaccharide of glucose and fructose.
What is the difference between pentose and hexose?
Pentose is a sugar made of 5 carbon atoms while a hexose sugar has 6 carbon atoms
What is an example of a disaccharide?
Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose
What is a polysaccharide?
A Polysaccharide is a carbohydrate of a chain of many sugars which are for example starch or cellulose.
Draw and label a molecular diagram of a generalized amino acid.
Each amino acid contains: R group, carboxylic acid group, amino group, hydrogen atom and carbon atom in the middle.
How do amino acids join together?
Two amino acids bond to form a dipeptide. Amino acids join together through peptide bonds. This is a condensation reaction meaning it forms water as a by product.
What is a protein?
Large organic compounds made of a polypeptide of amino acids arranged in a linear shape.
Draw a molecular diagram of a saturated fatty acid.
Saturated lipids are linear, meaning they have no double carbon-carbon bonds.
Is this a carbohydrate, lipid or protein?
This is triglyceride which is a lipid.
Is this a carbohydrate, lipid or protein?
This is a phospholipid which is a lipid.
Is this a carbohydrate, lipid or protein?
This is a steroid which is a lipid.
