Bio Week 5 - Vision Flashcards
What % of cerebral cortex plays a direct role in processing visual information? 5% 10% 20% 50%
20%
The visual system responds to what kind of energy? thermal hydrostatic electromagnetic ATP
electromagnetic
The range of wavelengths observable by human visual systems is considered large.
T
F
F
The retina is comprised of rods and cones, called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. bipolar cells retinal ganglion cells photoreceptors geniculate material
photoreceptors
Light hits the back of the eye, and information travels from ________ to _________ to _________ within the retina, along the way to the optic nerve.
rods/cones, bipolar cells, retinal ganglion cells
retinal ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods/cones
bipolar cells, rods/cones, retinal ganglion cells
bipolar cells, retinal ganglion cells, rods/cones
rods/cones, bipolar cells, retinal ganglion cells
What is the process called, by which rods/cones interpret and pass along information from light? transmutation transduction transference transcription
transduction
Each of these characteristics applies to rods except? found in the periphery of the retina sensitive to color work well in dim illumination are more abundant than cones are light sensitive
sensitive to color
Which of these characteristics does not apply to cones? sensitive to color found mostly in fovea work well during the day have greatest acuity are light sensitive
are light sensitive
All of the following are true of the place where the optic nerve exits the eye, except \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. it’s called an optic chiasm it creates a blind spot it’s called an optic disk a ganglion cell axon passes through it there are no photoreceptors here
it’s called an optic chiasm
An overview of the pathway through the visual system that begins with light entering the eye looks like:
optic chiasm, optic nerve, optic tract, lateral geniculate, optic radiations, primary visual cortex, visual association cortex
optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate, optic radiations, primary visual cortex, visual association cortex
optic chiasm, optic nerve, optic tract, optic radiations, lateral geniculate,primary visual cortex, visual association cortex
optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, optic radiations, lateral geniculate, visual association cortex, primary visual cortex
optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate, optic radiations, primary visual cortex, visual association cortex
What is the second possible visual system pathway, beginning with optic chiasm?
superior colliculus, thalamus, secondary visual cortex
hypothalamus
inferior colliculus, hypothalamus, primary visual cortex
thalamus
both a and b
both c and d
both a and b
The inferior colliculus controls _______, while the superior colliculus controls ________.
head orientation & eye movements, circadian rhythm
auditory processing, head orientation & eye movements
circadian rhythm, auditory processing
smooth movements, circadian rhythm
both a and d
auditory processing, head orientation & eye movements
The receptive field is the area in the visual field to which a particular neuron responds.
T
F
T
A ganglion cell’s receptive field is determined by the location of the photoreceptor with which it is connected.
T
F
T
Many photoreceptors connect with a single ganglion cell in the fovea.
T
F
F
Information from the visual field of the left eye gets processed on the left side of the brain, while the same is true for the right eye.
T
F
F
Visual information that hits the lateral side of the eye stays on that side of the brain, whereas that which hits the medial side gets sent to the opposite side of the brain.
T
F
T
Which structure is the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) located in? thalamus hypothalamus pons hippocampus occipital lobe
thalamus
Layers 1 and 2 of the LGN are ________, while layers 3-6 are __________.
parvocellular (large cells), magnocellular (small cells)
magnocellular (large cells), parvocellular (small cells)
parvocellular (small cells), magnocellular (large cells)
magnocellular (small cells), parvocellular (large cells)
magnocellular (large cells), parvocellular (small cells)
Information from each layer projects to a specific area in the visual cortex, and the separation of information remains intact on the visual cortex.
T
F
T
Koniocellular refers to a layer found between magnocellular layers, not parvocellular layers.
T
F
F
All of the following are words used to describe the same thing except? striatal cortex V1 foveal cortex primary visual cortex
foveal cortex
Where would information from the lower left visual field be projected in the primary visual cortex? upper right hemisphere lower right hemisphere upper left hemisphere lower left hemisphere
upper right hemisphere
Information from the central visual (foveal) field gets processed in the _________, whereas that from the peripheral visual field gets processed in the _________.
anterior primary visual cortex, posterior primary visual cortex
posterior primary visual cortex, anterior primary visual cortex
lateral primary visual cortex, medial primary visual cortex
medial primary visual cortex, lateral primary visual cortex
posterior primary visual cortex, anterior primary visual cortex
Among the 6 layers of the primary visual cortex, layer 4 receives from ________ and layers 2 and 3 receive input from ________ of the LGN.
magnocellular layer, parvocellular layer
parvocellular layer, magnocellular layer
koniocellular layer, magno & parvocellular layers
magno & parvocellular layers koniocellular layer
magno & parvocellular layers koniocellular layer
The fact that the information that goes to the cortex retains the spatial arrangement from the visual field makes this system similar to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. auditory system subcortical processing systems topographical map chromographer
topographical map
What % of the primary visual cortex processes foveal information, and is this considered disproportionate? 25%, yes 50%, yes 10%, yes 25%, no 50%, no 10%, yes
25%, yes
The primary visual cortex is composed of numerous modules, each of which processes information for color, form, and movement in discrete areas.
T
F
T
Neurons in the interblobs of the striatal cortex respond to all of the following except: orientation movement spatial frequency color a and b b and d
color
Neurons in the blobs of the striatal cortex respond to all of the following except: orientation movement low frequency information color a and b b and d
a and b
Blobs are comprised of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, whereas interblobs are comprised of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. thick strips (form processing), thin strips (color processing)
thin strips (color processing), thick strips (form processing)
pale strips (movement processing), thick strips (form processing)
thin strips (color processing), pale strips (movement processing)
a and b
b and d
b and d
When people suffer from cortical blindness (e.g., cannot see half of visual field), and they are tested on information from the area that they cannot see, they can still demonstrate behaviors that are visually mediated.
T
F
T
V1 neurons have larger receptive fields than than V2 neurons, suggesting that V1 neurons receive input from multiple V2 neurons.
T
F
F
Where does the integration of fragmented components of visual stimuli turn into perception? Visual cortex V2 Visual association cortex V10
Visual association cortex
