Bio Unit 4

Question 1

What is the ultimate source of energy on Earth?

Answer 1

The Sun

Question 2

Recognize, compare and contrast ATP and ADP

Answer 2

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) has three negatively charged phosphates and is the cells energy. ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) Is ATP with only two phosphates. ADP has less energy and can become ATP is a third phosphate Is added to it.

Question 3

Where is energy stored in ATP and how is it released

Answer 3

ATP hold energy in the bonds between phosphates think a compressed spring. To release the stored energy the last bond must be broken and a phosphate released this will make it ADP.

Question 4

What is the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 4

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 5

Where does photosynthesis takes place in the cell

Answer 5

Photosynthesis occurs in the Mesophyll cells.

Question 6

Name parts of the chloroplast

Answer 6

Stroma, Thylakoids, Lamella and the inner and outer membranes.

Question 7

What organisms undergo photosynthesis

Answer 7

Plants Algae and Bacteria.

Question 8

What is the main purpose of photosynthesis

Answer 8

The main purpose of photosynthesis is to create glucose. By taking CO2, the hydrogen from water, and light energy plants cells are able to create glucose and O2 as a waste gas.

Question 9

What is the role of light in photosynthesis

Answer 9

Light provides the energy for the synthesizing of glucose from CO2 and H2O.

Question 10

What is the role of chlorophyll

Answer 10

chlorophyll is the main pigment in plants and absorbs light energy

Question 11

What colors does chlorophyll absorb and reflect

Answer 11

Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light and reflects green.

Question 12

What is the role of accessory pigments

Answer 12

Accessory pigments help gather more wave lengths of light.

Question 13

Why do leaves change color in the fall

Answer 13

Days get shorter and there is less light for chlorophyll to absorb. Chlorophyll begins to break down and the Red, yellow, and orange pigments become more visible.

Question 14

What are light dependent and light independent reactions. How to they relate to each other and how are they different.

Answer 14

The light dependent stage takes place in the thylakoid takes light energy to take the electrons from water where they move to photo system two where sunlight energizes and moves it down the ETC and to NADPH. Creating H= and then ATP. The light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) produces glucose from CO2.

Question 15

What is the role of water in photosynthesis

Answer 15

Water provides Hydrogen which helps to produce ATP and NADPH. O2 is released as a waste gas.

Question 16

How do the two stages of photosynthesis rely on eachother

Answer 16

Without the ATP energy produced in the light dependent stage the calvi.n cycle wouldn’t be able to produce glucose

Question 17

How to photosynthesis and respiration relate to eachother.

Answer 17

The products of Photosynthesis are need for respiration and the products of respiration are need for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis creates the food and respiration turns it into usable energy.

Question 18

Why do plants need to perform both respiration and photosynthesis

Answer 18

Photosynthesis creates food for the cell in the form of glucose and respiration breaks it down and turns it into usable energy.

Question 19

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell

Answer 19

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.

Question 20

What happens during glycolysis

Answer 20

Glycolysis is the first stage of aerobic respiration and breaks down glucose.

Question 21

What organisms perform glycolysis

Answer 21

All living things

Question 22

What are the net products of glycolysis

Answer 22

2 net ATP, NADH, and Pyruvate

Question 23

What is the balanced equation for glycolysis

Answer 23

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

Question 24

What is the main purpose of glycolysis

Answer 24

Glycolysis breaks down a glucose molecule and produces 2 ATP NADH and Pyruvate which moves onto the Krebs cycle.

Question 25

Where does respiration occur in the cell

Answer 25

Respiration occurs in the mitchochondria

Question 26

List the parts of the mitchondria

Answer 26

Matrix, inner and outer membranes and cristae.

Question 27

What organisms perform respiration

Answer 27

All living things perform respiration

Question 28

Give the steps of respiration in order and their net ATP production

Answer 28

Glycolysis 2 ATP Krebs cycle 2 ATP and the ETC 34 ATP

Question 29

Give the location and the purpose of the Krebs Cycle

Answer 29

The Krebs cycles takes pyruvate produced from glycolysis after combines with coenzyme A and forms acetyl coenzyme A. This combination produces CO2 which is diffused into the blood stream the other is NADH which moves to ETC. In the Krebs cycle the derivatives of the original glucose are oxidized. The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 30

Give the location and purpose of the ETC

Answer 30

The ETC occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Upon entering the ETC NADH and FADH2 are oxidized by molecules in the chain and reduced by accepting an electron from the carrier that came before it. Oxygen is the last electron accepter. The energy of the movement of electrons powers the movement of H+ ions to the outer compartment of the mitochondria through active transport. These H+ will then flow down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase which will provide power to attach a third phosphate to ADP.

Question 31

What is the role of NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2

Answer 31

NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2 move electrons through the ETC.

Question 32

Where does exhaled CO2 come from

Answer 32

Exhaled CO2 comes from the expelled CO2 when pyruvate combines with coenzyme A and becomes acetyl coenzyme A.

Question 33

Why do we breath oxygen and what is its role

Answer 33

Oxygen is the last electron accepter in the ETC, without it the ETC would start to pile electrons and eventually come to a halt.

Question 34

How do the electrons in the ETC produce an H+ ion gradient

Answer 34

The movement of electrons through the ETC powers the active transport that moves H+ to the outer membrane of the ETC. These H+ ions then flow down the concentration gradient through ATP synthase this movement produces enough energy for a third phosphate to be attached to ADP.

Question 35

How does the H+ gradient produce ATP

Answer 35

When H+ ions flow down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase it produces enough energy for ATP synthase to attach a third phosphate to ADP.

Question 36

How do active transport and facilitated diffusion relate to ETC and the production of ATP

Answer 36

Active transport is used to create a concentration of H+ on the outer membrane facilitated diffusion is used when H+ ions flow down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase

Question 37

What food molecules can be used in respiration

Answer 37

Fats, proteins and other non glucose sugars can be used in aerobic respiration.

Question 38

Where does fermentation occur in the cell

Answer 38

Cytoplasm

Question 39

What enviremental requirements are there for fermentation

Answer 39

For fermentation to occur there needs to be no oxygen

Question 40

What are the two types of fermentation, their products, and organisms that perform them

Answer 40

alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and CO2 and is performed by yeast. Lactic acid fermentation is perform by bacteria in yogurt and muscle cells and produces Lactic acid and NAD+.

Question 41

What is the main purpose of fermentation

Answer 41

The purpose of fermentation is to recycle electron carriers and produce small amounts ATP